电致荧光变色是指在外加电压作用下材料的发光颜色发生变化的现象，具体表现为荧光的开/关或颜色变换的切换过程。近几年因其在离子传感器、信息显示、生物分析以及光学成像和信息存储等领域的潜在应用，受到科研工作者的广泛关注。电致荧光变色材料可以将电化学信号转变为直接可见的视觉信号，所以也被认为是最有应用前景的智能材料之一。本文阐述了近年来电致荧光变色材料的主要研究进展，专注于介绍电致荧光变色材料的分类（包括双官能团分子、荧光团和聚合物）及其变色机理，并着重讨论了它们的结构特点以及特定的应用。同时提出这类材料具有高的发光对比度、快的响应速度、长期稳定性、多色变化的优点以及在有机光电领域的应用前景，最后概述了这一研究领域的未来发展方向。
Electrofluorochromism(EFC) refers to a phenomenon that luminescence color of materials can be tuned by the application of an extra electric field, of which the fluorescence is generally switched between ON/OFF or different colors under an electrical stimulus. These materials have received increasing attention because of their extensive applications in ion sensing, information display, bioanalysis, optical imaging, information storage and so on. It is rather remarkable that EFC materials are considered to be prospective smart materials because they can convert electrical signals to more intuitive visual signals. Herein recent research progress in electrofluorochromism field are reviewed, which mainly elaborates the main EFC materials including dyads, fluorophores and polymers(including conjugated polymers) and their emission-color changing mechanism. Structure features of those EFC materials and their functional realization principles in specific applications are highlighted. Those materials have high luminescence contrast, fast response rate, long term stability and exhibit multicolor emissions switching of fluorescence and a number of advantages and have found applications in organic optoelectronic devices field. At the end of the paper, a brief overview of the future directions of this research field is also presented.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Electrofluorochromism mechanism
3 Classification of electrofluorochromism materials
3.1 Dyads
3.2 Electroswitchable fluorophores
3.3 Fluorescent conjugated polymers
4 Conclusion
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