离子印迹材料经过四十余年的发展，制备技术趋于成熟和多样化。根据离子印迹材料的主要特征，可将其大致分为三类：体印迹材料、表面印迹材料和磁性印迹材料。体印迹材料的识别位点分布于整个离子印迹材料中；表面印迹材料识别位点仅分布于离子印迹材料的表面；磁性印迹材料的识别位点既可分布于整个离子印迹材料中，亦可分布于表面，因其具有磁性容易分离而单独归为一类。本文综述了普通体离子印迹材料的制备方法，包括连锁聚合机理的本体聚合法、溶液聚合法、沉淀聚合法、分散聚合法、悬浮聚合法和乳液聚合法，及酚醛/胺醛缩合法、溶胶-凝胶法、自由基聚合和溶胶-凝胶结合法、以壳聚糖为配体和骨架的壳聚糖法等。此外，还总结了纳米级和热敏性体离子印迹材料的制备方法。最后，展望了体离子印记材料的应用和研发前景。
After more than forty years development, the preparation techniques of ion-imprinted materials have become mature and diverse. According to the main characteristics of the ion-imprinted materials, they can be classified into three groups:bulk imprinting materials, surface imprinting materials and magnetic ion-imprinted materials. The imprinting sites are distributed in the whole body for bulk imprinting materials, while only in the surface for surface imprinting materials. Magnetic ion-imprinted materials can be separated easily due to their magnetism, and their imprinting sites can be distributed in the whole body as well as only in the surface. The paper reviews the preparation methods of normal bulk ion-imprinted materials, including bulk/solution/precipitation/dispersion/suspension/emulsion polymerization methods, phenol-aldehyde/amine-aldehyde condensation polymerization methods, sol-gel process method, combination of free-radical polymerization and sol-gel process method, method using chitosan as ligand and backbone, etc. In addition, the preparation methods of nanoscale bulk ion-imprinted particles and thermo-sensitive bulk ion-imprinted materials are also reviewed. Finally, the future application and development of bulk ion-imprinted materials are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of normal bulk ion-imprinted materials
2.1 Bulk polymerization method
2.2 Solution polymerization method
2.3 Precipitation polymerization method
2.4 Dispersion polymerization method
2.5 Suspension polymerization method
2.6 Emulsion polymerization method
2.7 Condensation polymerization method
2.8 Sol-gel process method
2.9 Method of combination of free-radical polymerization and sol-gel process
2.10 Prepared with chitosan
2.11 Other methods
3 Preparation of nanoscale bulk ion-imprinted particles
4 Preparation of thermo-sensitive ion-imprinted materials
5 Conclusion and outlook
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