仿生超润湿材料是指类似自然界中生命体具有的特殊浸润界面性质的一类材料。近20年来，研究人员通过模仿自然，揭示了一系列超润湿界面材料的构建机理，设计制备了多种仿生超润湿材料，并将这些具有特殊表面浸润性能的材料拓展应用到了国防、军工、航空航天、建筑、农业、医疗、海洋防污等众多领域。本文首先介绍表面润湿现象的基础理论，接着从仿生的角度出发，介绍了以仿荷叶、鱼鳞、沙漠甲虫、猪笼草为代表的几种拥有不同表面浸润性能的材料，并总结了这几种材料的仿生设计原理、结构与性能的关系以及所面临的问题。综述了近年来仿生超润湿材料在防污抗菌、防雾防霜防覆冰、油水分离等方面的应用进展，最后展望了仿生超润湿材料的发展方向。
Biomimetic super-wetting materials refer to a kind of materials which are similar to organism interfaces with special wettability in nature. In recent twenty years, a series of biomimetic super-wetting materials have been designed by researchers contributed to massive researches which are imitating organism in nature. These materials are demonstrated to possess applications in numerous application fields such as national defense, military project, aerospace, construction industry, agriculture, medical and marine antifouling. More importantly, plentiful construction mechanisms and systematic principles of biomimetic super-wetting materials have been revealed and presented by researchers which significantly promote the development of them. In this review, basic theories and influence factors of surface wetting phenomena of solid surfaces are introduced firstly. Secondly, several surfaces with different wettability represented by mimicking lotus leaf, fish scale, desert beetles and nepenthes pitcher plant materials are described from the view of biomimic. Furthermore, the bionic design principles, relationship between structure and properties and the current challenges of these materials are summarized. In addition, the recent developments of biomimetic super-wetting materials which are capable of meeting needs in anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, anti-fogging, anti-frosting, anti-icing and oil-water separation, etc. are reviewed. Finally, the prospective tendency of biomimetic super-wetting materials is proposed based on the challenges.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Surface wetting phenomena and influencing factors
3 Different biomimetic super-wetting surfaces and preparation
3.1 Superhydrophobic
3.2 Superhydrophilic
3.3 Amphiphilic
3.4 SLIPS
4 Applications of super-wetting materials
4.1 Anti-fouling and anti-bacterial
4.2 Anti-fogging, anti-frosting and anti-icing
4.3 Oil-water separation
4.4 Others
5 Conclusion
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