对聚烯烃分子链结构和组成的精确控制可赋予聚烯烃新的性质和用途。近年来，聚亚甲基（聚乙烯类似物）及其共聚物的研究成为聚烯烃功能化领域的研究热点之一。本文首先简单介绍了分子量分布窄且分子量可调控的聚亚甲基合成方法——叶立德同源聚合；接着对用于同源聚合的硼烷引发剂和叶立德单体进行了详细介绍；然后重点评述利用叶立德同源聚合与开环聚合、原子转移自由基聚合、可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合、氮氧自由基调控聚合、离子聚合、开环易位聚合和各种偶联反应等相结合的组合策略；最后，对基于聚亚甲基的新型共聚物的可控合成方法及其实际应用进行了展望。
Novel property and application of polyolefin stem from precise control of its structure and composition. Polymethylene(polyethylene's analogue) and its copolymers have become one of hot topics of current research in the polyolefin functionalization field in recent years. In this review, firstly, the polyhomologation of ylide leading to linear polymethylenes with controllable molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution is introduced briefly. Then, various borane initiators and ylide monomers used for polyhomologation are described in detail. In addition, the controllable syntheses of new polymethylene-based copolymers by combining polyhomologation with ring-opening polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, ionic polymerization, ring-opening metathesis polymerization and coupling reactions, are reviewed. Finally, the future development of the controllable synthesis strategies and practical application of new polymethylene-based copolymers are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Initiators of polyhomologation
2.1 Trifunctional organoboranes
2.2 Bifunctional organoboranes
2.3 Monofunctional organoboranes
3 Monomers of polyhomologation
3.1 Sulfur ylides
3.2 Arsenic ylides
4 Combination with other methodologies to prepare polymethylene-based copolymers
4.1 Combination with ring-opening polymerization
4.2 Combination with atom transfer radical polymerization
4.3 Combination with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
4.4 Combination with nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
4.5 Combination with ionic polymerization
4.6 Combination with ring-opening metathesis polymerization
4.7 Combination with coupling reaction
5 Conclusion and outlook
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