纳米碗阵列具有周期性孔结构、大比表面积、弱对称性等特点。这些独特的纳米碗不仅提供了纳米孔结构，而且会导致许多特殊的物理和化学性质。近年来，由于其孔结构而使其具有新颖且增强的性能，纳米碗阵列引起了极大的关注。本文详细介绍了各种纳米碗阵列的制备方法，首先是制备胶体晶模板（通常是SiO2或者聚苯乙烯微球模板），然后通过物理气相沉积、化学或电化学沉积等技术在模板上沉积所需材料，最后采用溶解、高温处理等方法除去模板，得到纳米碗阵列。此外，本文还对纳米碗阵列的各种应用进行了综述，比如纳米碗阵列可以用作SERS增强基底、传感器，并且能够应用于催化和光学领域。还探讨了不同制备方法的优点和不足以及纳米碗阵列的应用前景及现存问题。
Nanobowl arrays, such as gold nanobowl arrays, silver nanobowl arrays, ZnO nanobowl arrays and TiO2 nanobowl arrays, all have ordered periodic holes, large surface area and reduced symmetry. These unique nanobowls not only provide nano-porous structures, but also bring many special physical and chemical properties. In recent years, these nanobowl arrays have attracted a great deal of attention because of their novel and/or enhanced properties arising from the porous structures. In this review, all kinds of preparation methods and fabricated processes of various nanobowl arrays are introduced. The details are as follows. Firstly, colloidal crystal template(generally silica spheres or polystyrene microspheres) is prepared via self-assembly. Secondly, different kinds of materials as required are deposited on the colloidal crystal template by physical vapor deposition, chemical deposition or electrochemical deposition. Finally, colloidal crystal template is removed via dissolving or high temperature treatment to obtain nanobowl arrays. Meanwhile, the diverse applications of the nanobowl arrays are also summarized, for example, SERS substrates, nanosensor, catalysis, optics application. What's more, the advantages and disadvantages of different fabrication methods are discussed, as well as the prospects of the nanobowl arrays and the existing problems.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of nanobowl arrays
2.1 Preparation of colloidal crystal template
2.2 Preparation of inorganic and organic nanoshell
2.3 Removal of template
2.4 Fabrication of various nanobowl arrays
3 Applications of nanobowl arrays
3.1 Application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
3.2 Application in sensor
3.3 Application in catalysis
3.4 Application in optics
4 Conclusion
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