嵌段共聚物在三维软受限条件下能够组装形成结构有序的聚合物胶束，其在催化、电子器件、光学传感等领域有广泛的应用价值，已经引起了广大科研工作者的关注。众所周知，嵌段共聚物自身性质及组装体内部结构和外部形状都会显著影响嵌段共聚物组装体性质及应用。本文简述了近年来嵌段共聚物三维软受限自组装的方法，分析了影响嵌段共聚物组装结构的内在和外在因素，内在因素主要指嵌段共聚物自身性质，包括嵌段共聚物种类、分子量及嵌段比；外在因素主要包括受限空间尺寸、界面性质、热或溶剂退火等。本文讨论了无机纳米粒子与嵌段共聚物三维软受限共组装，探讨了纳米粒子引入对组装结构影响及其在嵌段共聚物组装体中的分布及排列规律，以及组装结构的潜在应用。最后还讨论了目前嵌段共聚物三维软受限自组装存在的问题，同时对未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Under the three-dimensional(3D) confinement, block copolymers(BCPs) can self-assemble into various well-ordered nanostructures, which have versatile applications in the fields of catalyst carrier, electronics, optical sensor, and so on. It is known that the nature of the BCPs as well as the internal nanostructures and the external shapes of the self-assembled materials significantly influence their properties and applications. This review introduces the recent progress in the self-assembly methods for the 3D confined self-assembly of block copolymers. The internal and external factors that affect the self-assembled structures of BCPs are also summarized. The internal factors mainly refer to the nature of BCPs, including the block type, molecular weight and block volume fraction of different blocks. The external factors include the size of confined space, the oil/water interfacial interaction, thermal or solvent annealing treatment, and so on. Moreover, the co-assembly of BCPs and inorganic nanoparticles(NPs) under 3D soft confinement is also reviewed. The morphological transition after incorporating NPs and the controllable distribution and localization of NPs within BCP matrix, as well as the potential applications of the resulting hybrid structures are discussed. Finally, open questions on this issue are discussed and prospects of this field are described.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Self-assembly of BCPs under 3D soft confinement
2.1 Overview of the methods of the 3D soft confined self-assembly
2.2 Factors affecting the self-assembly structures
2.3 Other methods for tuning the self-assembly structures
3 Co-assembly of BCPs and NPs under 3D soft confinement
3.1 Morphological transition induced by NPs
3.2 Controllable distribution and localization of NPs in BCP matrix
4 Applications of the 3D soft confined assembly of BCPs
5 Conclusion
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