随着市场竞争的加剧，以产品需求为导向精确定制符合需求的化学品成为化学工程研究发展的探索新方向。电解水制氢是生产高纯氢气并转换储存大规模可再生能源的一种有效方法。为实现高效的电-氢气转换效率，高性能的电解水析氢析氧电极是必不可少的。电解水电极材料具有复杂的化学组成及多层次的结构，其中电极表面催化材料的物理化学性质和形貌结构是决定电解水性能的最主要因素。本文结合本课题组在电解水催化方面的研究工作，综述了近几年国内外电解水电极催化材料的最新研究进展，阐述了电解水电极催化材料以反应机理为导向的催化剂设计理论、以产品性能为导向的催化剂设计方法学（包括纳米结构构筑、晶面调控、载体复合、晶相调节、杂原子掺杂、合金化和聚合物表面修饰）及应用，针对化学产品工程的发展与需要，介绍了电解水电极催化材料跨越分子尺度、微纳结构及合成应用的产品设计和产品工程研究的关键科学问题和发展方向。
Along with market competition intensifying, accurately customizing the chemicals that meet the product demand has become the new trend of chemical engineering research. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an effective technology to store the intermittent electric power generated by large-scale renewable energy. To achieve high electricity-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essentially required. Electrode catalytic materials for water electrolysis have complicated chemical composition and multi-level structure, of which the chemical-physical properties and morphology structure are the main factors that determine the performance of electrolysis of water. In this paper, combining the research works on water electrolysis catalysts of our group, the recent advancements in the area of HER and OER catalysts with emphasis on catalyst design and engineering are reviewed. The catalyst design theories based on reaction mechanism of electrolytic water, catalyst design methodology (including nanoarchitecture, crystal face regulation, support combination, phase adjustment, heteroatom doping, alloying and surface modification) and their applications based on catalytic performance have been introduced in the light of product requirements. According to the development and requirement of chemical product engineering, the key scientific problems and development direction of the catalyst design and product engineering from molecular level to micro-nano structure scale as well as product synthesis and application are further provided.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Reaction mechanism-oriented catalyst design theory
2.1 Reaction mechanism of electrolytic water
2.2 Reaction mechanism and catalyst design strategy of hydrogen evolution
2.3 Reaction mechanism and catalyst design strategy of oxygen evolution
3 Performance-oriented catalyst design methodology and application
3.1 Design principles of electrocatalyst
3.2 Design strategy based on geometric factor
3.3 Design strategy based on energy factor
4 Industrialization-oriented electrode construction design
4.1 Energy consumption of industrial water electrolysis
4.2 Technical requirements and construction design of industrial electrode
5 Conclusion and outlook
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