纳滤是一种介于超滤与反渗透之间的重要膜分离过程，具有工作压力低、无相转变及分离效率高等独特优势。膜污染及渗透性/选择性之间的平衡是纳滤膜在使用和研发过程中面临的亟待解决的两个主要问题。膜材料是膜与膜分离技术的核心，开发新型的纳滤膜材料是解决上述问题的重要手段。本文从新型纳滤膜材料的设计与选择的角度出发，总结归纳了近年来新型材料在纳滤膜的制备与应用研究现状，包括新型有机纳滤膜材料、新型无机纳滤膜材料和新型有机-无机杂化纳滤膜材料三个方面，拓展了对纳滤膜材料的认知，探讨了新型纳滤膜材料的共性及其存在的主要问题，并对未来高性能纳滤膜材料的研制方向进行了展望。
Nanofiltration(NF) separation technology, whose characteristics fall between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, makes up one of the most significant categories for intrinsic advantages such as low operating pressure, no phase transition and high-energy efficiency. However, membrane fouling and "trade-off" between permeability/selectivity are two main challenges to the application of NF membrane and design of new NF membranes. Membrane materials play the pivotal role in any membrane-based technologies. Therefore, the exploitation of novel membrane materials has been a major methodology to fabricate membranes with optimum performances, high-energy efficiency and relatively low cost. In this review, the scientific and technological advances in development of promising materials for NF membrane preparation and application in recent years are outlined. The materials can be classified into three types, including novel organic NF membrane materials, novel inorganic NF membrane materials, and novel organic-inorganic hybrid NF membrane materials, according to the membrane structures and the distribution and variety of materials in membranes. In addition, the universal characters of these new NF membrane materials as well as their respective main problems are set forth. Finally, the challenges and directions for future research in developing new promising NF membrane materials to achieve efficient means in commercialization are also prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Novel organic nanofiltration membrane materials
2.1 Novel organic bulk materials
2.2 Novel organic modified materials
3 Novel inorganic nanofiltration membrane materials
3.1 Graphene and its derivatives
3.2 Other novel inorganic nanofiltration membrane materials
4 Novel organic-inorganic composite nanofiltration membrane materials
4.1 Characters of organic-inorganic composite nanofiltration membranes
4.2 Types of organic-inorganic composite nanofiltration membranes
5 Conclusion and outlook
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