光子晶体是一种介电常数周期变化的功能材料，其基本特征是具有光子带隙。光子晶体理论诞生已三十年，基于理论及实验的研究取得了许多成绩。当所制备的光子带隙与光波的波长相当时，光子晶体材料抑制光子在一定频段内的传播。由于在光学、电学、热学、磁学等方面均有优良特性和潜在应用，光子晶体作为一种新型材料也越来越受到科研人员的青睐。不论在可加工性方面还是在传播特性方面，二维光子晶体的优势正逐渐体现出来。本文重点阐述二维光子晶体的研究进展，分别介绍了二维光子晶体的结构与性能特点以及近年来发展出的新型制备方法，如自组装法、刻蚀法、多光束干涉法等，并着重列举其在传感器、波导、光纤、太赫兹技术等领域的发展现状，表明二维光子晶体作为超材料具有巨大的发展空间和潜力。最后，本文对二维光子晶体今后的研究方向和发展前景作了展望。
Photonic crystal is a dimensionally periodic dielectric structure that exhibits a photonic band-gap (PBG). The theory of photonic crystal (PC) has been put forth for 30 years, and many achievements have been made based on theoretical and experimental research. PC materials inhibit photons from propagating for a certain band of frequencies with the fabricated PBG comparable to the wavelength of light, which have attracted more and more research interests due to its excellent properties and potential functional applications in optical, electrical, thermal and magnetic aspects. Furthermore, more and more efforts have been devoted to two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PCs) due to their unique properties. In this paper, the characteristics of 2D PCs, including the preparation methods such as self-assembly, etching, and multiple-beam interference method, as well as its development status in waveguides, optical fibers, sensors, and terahertz technology in recent years are introduced. These developments show that the 2D PCs have great potentials as metamaterials. The future research focus and development direction of 2D PCs are prospected at last.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of 2D photonic crystals
2.1 Photonic band gap
2.2 Structural color and diffraction characteristics
2.3 Photon localization
2.4 Negative refraction
3 Preparation methods of 2D photonic crystals
3.1 Self-assembly method
3.2 Etching method
3.3 Multiple-beam interference method
3.4 Other methods
4 Applications of 2D photonic crystals
4.1 Sensors
4.2 Waveguides and integrated circuits
4.3 Optical fiber communication and terahertz technology
4.4 Other applications
5 Conclusion and outlook
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