将MAX相陶瓷通过液相刻蚀等方法移除A原子层可得到与石墨烯（Graphene）类似二维结构的过渡金属碳或氮化物（MXene），是近年来二维材料领域出现的新成员。独特的二维结构与丰富可调的组分使得MXene具有优异的导电与机械性能、高亲水表面与离子传输性能，受到越来越广泛的关注。目前已成功制备出的MXene材料有20余种，研究发现MXene应用于锂离子、非锂离子（如Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Al3+）二次电池和电化学超级电容器均表现出优异的性能，是一种很有潜力的电极材料。本文总结对比了MXene材料制备方法，简要概述了MXene材料的电子、电磁与机械性能，重点介绍了MXene在电化学电池与超级电容器储能方面的应用，最后对MXene材料目前存在的主要问题及未来研究与应用前景进行了展望。
The removal of the "A" group layer from the MAX conductive ceramics(a family of ternary transition metal carbides or nitrides) phases results in two-dimensional materials which are named as MXene to denote the loss of the A element and emphasize their structure similarities with graphene. MXene is an emerging functional material in the field of two-dimensional crystal materials, which has excellent electric conductivity, low resistance of ion, strong mechanical strength, highly hydrophilic surface and 2D layer structure. As a novel kind of functional material, the methodology for preparing MXene and the potential applications have triggered tremendous interests. Until now, only 20 MXenes have been successfully synthesized and their composite materials have been demonstrated superior performance when applied in electrochemical energy storage, including secondary battery(Li-ion batteries and non-Li-ion batteries, i.e. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Al3+) and electrochemical supercapacitor. In this review, the recent preparation methods and properties of MXene, especially the electrical characteristics, are summarized and compared. Then the applications of MXene materials in electrochemical energy storage are discussed in detail. The challenges and future perspective in the application of MXene materials are lastly outlined.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of MXene materials
2.1 HF etching
2.2 Fluoride-HCl mixture etching
2.3 Other approach
2.4 Synthesis of few/single layer MXene
3 Properties of MXene
3.1 Electronic properties
3.2 Electromagnetic properties
3.3 Mechanical properties
4 The applications in electrochemical energy storage of MXene materials
4.1 Lithium ion batteries
4.2 Non-lithium ion batteries
4.3 Lithium sulfur batteries
4.4 Supercapacitors
5 Conclusion and perspective
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