仿生光电催化固氮

肖瑶; 胡文娟; 任衍彪; 康旭; 刘健

doi:10.7536/PC171232

化学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4) :325-337 DOI: 10.7536/PC171232

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仿生光电催化固氮

^1*

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Bioinspired Photo/Electrocatalytic N₂ Fixation

Yao Xiao¹, Wenjuan Hu¹, Yanbiao Ren¹, Xu Kang², Jian Liu^1*

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摘要

固氮是将游离的N₂转变为生物可用形式的过程，主要包括生物固氮和工业固氮。前者通过固氮酶进行，利用ATP水解提供的能量，可以在常温常压下将N₂还原成NH₃，同时有H₂形成。工业固氮主要指Haber-Bosch过程，在铁催化剂和促进剂的共同作用下，可以高效地将N₂催化成NH₃。这个100多年前发明的过程需要400~500 ℃高温和高于100 atm的反应条件，会消耗大量的能量。合成H₂的甲醇水蒸气重整过程也会消耗大量能量。如果能进一步认识固氮酶的固氮机制，利用太阳能驱动实现常温常压下的固氮反应将会非常有前景。本文概述了近年来固氮酶启发的光催化固氮领域的进展，并结合了相关的电化学领域的固氮研究，对本领域作了展望。目前还没有催化剂能取代传统Haber-Bosch过程所采用的催化体系，但是通过总结过去的研究进展和经验，可为未来设计高效催化剂提供非常有益的启示。

Abstract

N₂ fixation, a process that transforms N₂ into biologically usable forms, is mainly accomplished by biological and industrial processes, respectively. Biological N₂ fixation is carried out by nitrogenase at ambient conditions. Coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP and accompanied by the formation of H₂, N₂ is reduced to NH₃. Industrial N₂ fixation is accomplished by Haber-Bosch process, in which N₂ is reduced to NH₃ efficiently in the presence of iron catalyst and promoter. The process invented more than a century ago is carried out at high temperature and high pressure(400~500 ℃, above 100 atm), which consumes lots of energy, in addition to the large amount of energy consumed in methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen. Nowadays, people are looking for the next-generation industrial catalyst by taking inspiration from N₂ fixation mechanism of nitrogenase. Light-driven(photocatalytic) N₂ fixation is very promising especially considering that energy for N₂ fixation is ultimately from photosynthesis. In this paper, the recent progress in the field of bioinspired photocatalytic N₂ fixation in addition to some research on electrocatalytic N₂ fixation are summarized. Last, our perspectives of this field are provided. Although currently there is still no good substitution for catalyst system used in conventional Haber-Bosch process, a review of research progress and experience will provide beneficial implications for future design of efficient catalysts.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Biological N₂ fixation and nitrogenase
2.1 Biological N₂ fixation
2.2 N₂ fixing mechanism and inspiration of nitrogenase
2.3 Transition metal complex for catalytic N₂ fixation
3 Photocatalytic N₂ fixation
3.1 Mechanism of photocatalytic N₂ fixation
3.2 Synthetic N₂ fixing photocatalysts
3.3 Biological hybrids and nitrogenase simulated photocatalysts
3.4 Overview of electrocatalytic N₂ fixation
4 Conclusion and outlook

关键词

仿生 / 固氮酶 / 固氮 / 光电催化 / 合成氨 / 界面

Key words

bioinspired / nitrogenase / N₂ fixation / photo/electrocatalytic / ammonia synthesis / interface

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肖瑶, 胡文娟, 任衍彪, 康旭, 刘健. 仿生光电催化固氮[J]. 化学进展, 2018, 30(4): 325-337 DOI:10.7536/PC171232

Yao Xiao, Wenjuan Hu, Yanbiao Ren, Xu Kang, Jian Liu. Bioinspired Photo/Electrocatalytic N₂ Fixation[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2018, 30(4): 325-337 DOI:10.7536/PC171232

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Received	Published	Revised
2017-12-22	2018-04-15	2018-01-30
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