随着纳米技术的飞速发展，复杂三维结构的金纳米星已成为一种新型纳米材料。金纳米星具有独特的物理化学性质，如可调制的LSPR光学特性、SERS效应、光热特性、较大的比表面积等，这些性质使其在纳米材料和生物医学领域具有极高的潜在应用价值。本文首先介绍了金纳米星独特的光学性质，并对这些光学特性的理论基础进行解释；接着对近年来国内外制备金纳米星的主要方法进行阐述，主要包括种子介导生长法和一步合成法，这两种制备方法均存在各自的优缺点。在功能化的探针构筑方面，金纳米星的表面修饰主要包括两种方法：二氧化硅包裹金纳米星和高分子聚合物或生物分子修饰金纳米星。在应用方面，本文对金纳米星在生物分子检测、医学成像、肿瘤的诊断与光热治疗、药物传输和控制释放方面的最新研究进展进行了总结。最后，对目前金纳米星探针在制备和应用中存在的一些问题进行了探讨，并展望了该领域未来的研究内容和方向。
Au nanostars (AuNSs) with the complex three-dimensional structure have become a new type of nanomaterials with a rapid development of nanotechnology. AuNSs have unique physical and chemical properties such as tunable optical properties of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, photothermal properties, and the large surface-to-volume ratio. For this reason, there's great potential for their applications in the fields of nanomaterials and biomedicine. In this article, we firstly evaluate the optical properties of AuNSs and explain their theoretical basis. Then two main methods of preparing AuNSs in recent years are summarized, including seed-mediated synthesis method and one-step method. At the same time, a discussion of the merits and drawbacks of each method is also made. In terms of functionalized probes' assembly, two principal ways of surface modifications are introduced, including silica-coated AuNSs and modification of AuNSs using polymer or biomolecules. In the way of application, the recent progress of AuNSs applied in biomolecular detection, medical imaging, diagnosis and photothermal therapy of tumors, delivery and controlled release of drug is reviewed. In the end, we discuss some problems in the preparation and application of AuNSs. What's more, the future research content and research direction in this field are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Optical properties of Au nanostars and their theoretical basis
3 Preparation of Au nanostars
3.1 Seed-mediated growth method
3.2 One-step method
4 Surface modifications of Au nanostars
4.1 Silica-coated Au nanostars
4.2 Modification of Au nanostars using polymer or biomolecules
5 Applications of Au nanostars in biomedical field
5.1 Biomolecular detection
5.2 Medical imaging
5.3 Diagnosis and photothermal therapy of tumors
5.4 Delivery and controlled release of drug
6 Conclusion and outlook
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