亚氨基糖由于具有重要的糖苷酶抑制活性、抗病毒和抗肿瘤活性等已经在新药创制中显示出巨大的发展潜力。系统研究此类化合物的构效关系有望发现高活性和高选择性的先导化合物。氟代是考察构效关系的常用方法之一。本文总结了氟代亚氨基糖的合成方法与化合物的糖苷酶抑制活性。合成方法中氟的来源包括含氟砌块、氟代糖或氟代试剂，三种合成策略各有优缺点与适用范围。基于氟代亚氨基糖的糖苷酶抑制活性研究，本文初步归纳了一些有代表性的重要亚氨基糖的构效关系，明确了糖环完整性对化合物糖苷酶抑制活性的重要意义。在此基础上对亚氨基糖的侧链或并环环系修饰则可能分别影响抑制谱和糖苷酶抑制活性。氟代亚氨基糖的研究成果是对亚氨基糖化学的重要贡献，以氟代为工具，必将进一步完善与修正亚氨基糖的构效关系，为设计合成具有潜在药物活性的亚氨基糖类化合物提供依据，并极大促进相关的新药创制工作。
Iminosugars have shown great potential in pharmaceutical industry due to their potent glycosidase inhibition, anti-virus and anti-cancer activities. Systematic study of structure-activity relationship of iminosugars will help to develop highly active and selective lead compounds. Fluorination is usually the most used method of studying structure-activity relationship. This review summarized the reported synthetic strategies of fluorinated iminosugars and the related glycosidase inhibitory activities. The synthetic strategies are roughly categorized to three types, namely, fluorine containing building blocks, fluorinated sugars and fluorinating reagents, and each of them is reviewed with merits, disadvantages and its application. The structure-activity relationship of some representative iminosugars is then preliminarily concluded based on the reported glycosidase inhibitory activities of fluorinated iminosugars. Intact iminosugar ring is believed important for interaction with enzymes, while fluorination of side chain and the fused ring would influence inhibitory spectrum and potency, respectively. Therefore, the current research results of fluorinated iminosugars have made important contributions to iminosugar chemistry. With fluorine as tool, the structure-activity relationship of iminosugars can be further completed and corrected in the future, and therefore would certainly help to provide profound foundation for the design and syntheses of iminosugars with potential medicinal values, and thus effectively promote the related drug discovery.
Contents
1 Iminosugar and its application
2 Synthetic strategies of fluorinated iminosugars and related biological activity study
2.1 Synthesis of fluorinated iminosugars from fluorinated building blocks
2.2 Synthesis of fluorinated iminosugars from fluorinated sugars
2.3 Synthesis of fluorinated iminosugars by subsequent introduction of fluorine
3 Fluorination in structure-activity relationship study of iminosugars
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