聚酰亚胺泡沫具有低介电、隔热、吸声、高比强度以及高经济效益等诸多优点，因而近些年来在航空、航天、船舶航舰、能源与环境保护等领域有着广泛的应用。聚酰亚胺泡沫按照泡孔结构分为软质开孔泡沫和硬质闭孔泡沫两大类，其通常是由芳香族二酐与芳香族二胺通过缩聚反应制备得到分子量可控的聚酯铵盐，再将其作为前驱体经过热发泡制备得到最终的聚酰亚胺泡沫。前驱体的化学结构对最终的聚酰亚胺泡沫的机械性能和热性能都有非常显著的影响，同时前驱体的分子量也会对泡沫的密度、机械性能和热性能有非常显著的影响。聚酰亚胺泡沫的研究进展，特别是其化学结构、性能和应用都会在本文中逐一阐述。
Polyimide foams, due to the outstanding combined properties including low dielectric and thermal insulating, acoustic absorbing, high strength-to-weight ratio, cost effectiveness, etc., have been extensively used in many high-tech fields such as the aerospace, aviation, ship, energy and environmental protection, etc., in recent years. There are two types of polyimide foams, the soft one having opened-cell in structures and the rigid one having closed-cell in structures. Polyimide foams are usually produced by thermal foaming of the polyimide precursor, the molecular weight-controlled poly(amic ester) resins, which are prepared by polycondensation of aromatic dianhydride and aromatic diamines. There are obvious effects of chemical structure of the molecular weight-controlled polyimide precursor resins on mechanical and thermal properties of the polyimide foams. The molecular weights of the polyimide precursor resins also have apparent impacts on the foam densities, mechanical and thermal properties. In this paper, the progress of polyimide foams, especially the chemical structures, properties and applications, will be described.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Soft and opened-cell polyimide foams
2.1 Development
2.2 Typical properties of soft and opened-cell polyimide foams
2.3 Applications of soft and opened-cell polyimide foams
3 Rigid and closed-cell polyimide foams
3.1 Preparation methods
3.2 Relationship of heat treatment temperature of precursor resin and foam structure
3.3 Relationship of main chain structure of resin and foam properties
4 Conclusion
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