高浓度锂盐电解液

doi:10.7536/PC180344

化学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12) :1960-1974 DOI: 10.7536/PC180344

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高浓度锂盐电解液

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Concentrated Electrolyte for Lithium/Li-Ion Batteries

Zenghua Chang^1,2, Jiantao Wang^1,2, Zhaohui Wu², Jinling Zhao², Shigang Lu^1,2*

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摘要

基于1 mol ·dm^-3 LiPF₆/EC的传统非水型电解液已在锂离子电池中应用了20年。高功率、高比能锂离子电池以及锂金属电池（如Li-O₂和Li-S）的发展，对电解液提出了更高的要求，使得电解液的研究与开发到了一个革新换代的阶段。研究者们已经在离子液体、聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质等新型体系研究方面取得一定的研究成果，但是这些新体系存在的本征问题使其商业化应用面临一定的困难。研究者们也开始重新审视已优化的常规液态电解液体系，高浓度锂盐电解液（>3 mol ·dm^-3）再次引起广泛关注。本文综述了高浓度锂盐电解液的发展历程、溶液结构特征、分类标准及其特殊的物理化学性能、锂离子传输性质和电解液/电极相容性；对高浓度锂盐电解液存在的主要问题进行了简要分析，提出了相应的改进措施，展望了高浓度锂盐电解液未来的发展方向，为新型电解液的开发提供了一条新思路。

Abstract

The conventional non-aqueous electrolyte based on 1 mol·dm^-3 LiPF₆/EC has been used for two decades in Li-ion batteries. With the rapid development of higher energy and power densities Li-ion batteries and Lithium batteries (such as Li-O₂, Li-S,etc.), the electrolyte, as an indispensable component in rechargeable batteries, comes to the stage of innovation. Considerable efforts have been made on the research of several new types of electrolytes such as ionic liquid, polymer electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes. However, their commercial applications are hampered due to their intrinsic problems. Therefore, researchers begin to revisit the non-aqueous solution, and pay more attention on the concentrated electrolyte. This review summarizes the research on concentrated electrolytes including the development history, the solution structure, the classification criteria, the physicochemical property and the compatibility with electrode, the specific transport properties of lithium ions in the bulk solutions and the interface of electrolyte/electrode, as well as the compatibility of electrolyte and electrode. Besides, the main problems of concentrated electrolyte such as high viscosity and low ionic conductivity are briefly summarized, and the corresponding improvement measures are proposed. Finally, we highlight the research direction of concentrated electrolyte in the future, and provide an idea for the design of new type electrolyte.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The development of concentrated electrolyte
3 Structural characteristics of concentrated electrolyte
3.1 The effect of lithium salt concentration on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
3.2 The effect of solvent on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
3.3 The effect of anions on the structure of concentrated electrolyte
4 The classification of concentrated electrolyte
5 Physical chemistry and interface properties of concentrated electrolyte
5.1 Thermal stability
5.2 Electrochemical stability
5.3 Ionic transfer property
5.4 Compatibility with electrode materials
6 The disadvantage of concentrated electrolyte
7 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

锂金属电池 / 锂离子电池 / 高浓度电解液 / 电解液结构 / 物理化学性质 / 界面性质

Key words

lithium batteries / Li-ion batteries / concentrated electrolyte / electrolyte structure / physicochemical property / interfacial features

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常增花, 王建涛, 武兆辉, 赵金玲, 卢世刚. 高浓度锂盐电解液[J]. 化学进展, 2018, 30(12): 1960-1974 DOI:10.7536/PC180344

Concentrated Electrolyte for Lithium/Li-Ion Batteries[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2018, 30(12): 1960-1974 DOI:10.7536/PC180344

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