硒是一种人体必需的微量营养元素，其主要生物功能是通过硒蛋白实现。硒蛋白S （SELENOS）是一种主要存在于内质网膜的硒蛋白，参与了内质网相关蛋白降解过程。SELENOS主要是通过胞质中的卷曲螺旋结构域和C-端含硒代半胱氨酸残基的无规结构区发挥生物功能的。大量体外研究结果显示，SELENOS有调节氧化应激、内质网应激、炎症等功能，进而可能影响心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、阿尔茨海默症等疾病的发生发展。此外，流行病学观察研究发现SELENOS基因的多种单核苷酸多态性与心血管疾病、癌症等疾病密切相关。本文综述了SELENOS结构、功能及与疾病的关系，总结了SELENOS研究中尚待解决的问题，并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Selenium is an essential trace element for human being and its biological functions are mainly carried out by selenoproteins. Selenoprotein S(SELENOS) mainly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) membrane and is involved in the process of ER-associated degradation. The biological functions of SELENOS are mainly carried out through the coiled-coil domain and C-terminal disordered structure region containing selenocysteine residue in the cytosol. A large number of in vitro studies have shown that SELENOS participates in the regulation of oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammation, and thus is possibly involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the observational epidemiological studies have found that many single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SELENOS gene are closely associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer. This paper reviews the structure and function of SELENOS and its relationship with diseases. The problems remaining to be solved are summarized and the future developments are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Expression pattern, structure, and distribution of SELENOS
3 The biological function of SELENOS
3.1 Regulation of oxidative stress
3.2 Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress
3.3 Regulation of inflammation
4 The relationship of SELENOS with diseases
4.1 Cardiovascular diseases
4.2 Type 2 diabetes
4.3 Cancer
4.4 Alzheimer's disease
5 Conclusion and outlook
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