肿瘤外泌体的分析检测
Analysis and Detection of Tumor Exosomes
肿瘤外泌体是由肿瘤细胞释放到细胞外环境的微小囊泡,其直径约为30~150 nm,主要存在于血液、尿液、唾液等多种体液中,是早期肿瘤诊断的标志物之一。肿瘤外泌体具有较好的稳定性且含量丰富,因此是液体活检标志物的研究热点。肿瘤外泌体携带母细胞相关的蛋白、脂质和核酸等生物活性物质,为生物检测提供了多种特征标志物。本文就肿瘤外泌体的生成、分离、表征及分析检测进行了论述,重点讨论了肿瘤外泌体检测的研究进展。
Tumor exosomes are nanoscale membrane-enclosed vesicles with a diameter of 30~150 nm released from tumor cells into the extracellular environment. They are present in human blood, urine, saliva and many other body fluids and are one of the biomarkers for early tumor diagnosis. Tumor exosomes have the characteristics of good stability and abundance, which is a hot spot in liquid biopsy. Tumor exosomes carry a considerable amount of molecular information derived from the originating cell such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, providing a variety of characteristic biomarkers that can be used for cancer detection. In this paper, the formation, isolation, characterization and detection of tumor exosomes are discussed, and the research progress of the detection of tumor exosomes is discussed in detail.
exosomes / surface proteins / liquid biopsy / isolation / analysis and detection
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国家自然科学基金项目(21375063)
江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20181382)
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