数字PCR技术的发展及应用
Development and Application of Digital PCR Technology
数字PCR(Digital PCR, dPCR)是继实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR)之后发展的高灵敏核酸绝对定量分析技术,通过把反应体系均分到大量独立的微反应单元中进行PCR扩增,并根据泊松分布和阳性比例来计算核酸拷贝数实现定量分析。与传统PCR技术相比,数字PCR 技术不依赖于标准曲线,具有更高灵敏度、准确度及高耐受性,可实现对样品的绝对定量分析。近年来,随着微流控技术日臻成熟,基于微流控技术的数字PCR技术得到了快速的发展,在基因突变检测、拷贝数变异检测、病毒微生物检测、转基因食品检测以及测序等方面均得到广泛的应用。本文对数字PCR的原理、技术发展和应用进行了概述。
Digital PCR(dPCR) assay is a highly sensitive absolute quantitative analysis technique for nucleic acids. Digital PCR systems perform amplification by equally dividing the reaction mixtures into a large number of independent reaction units, and calculates the nucleic acid copy number based on the Poisson distribution and the positive ratio. With the advantages of high sensitivity, accuracy and tolerance, digital PCR assay enables absolute quantitative analysis of samples. In recent years, with the maturity of microfluidic technology, digital PCR assay based on microfluidic technology has been rapidly developed, and widely applied in the analysis of gene mutation, copy number variation, viral microbial, genetically modified foods and DNA sequencing. In this article, the principle, development and applications of the digital PCR technique are reviewed.
1 Introduction
2 Principle of dPCR technology
3 Development and classification of dPCR technology
3.1 Microchamber-based digital PCR assay
3.2 Microfluidic chip-based digital PCR assay
3.3 Droplet-based digital PCR assay
4 Applications of dPCR technology
4.1 Single cell genetic analysis
4.2 Tumour research
4.3 Prenatal diagnosis
4.4 Virus and microbial analysis
4.5 Food safety and environmental monitoring
4.6 Next generation sequencing validation and gene editing
5 Conclusion and outlook
microfluidics technology / digital PCR / absolute quantification
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国家自然科学基金项目(21974122)
国家自然科学基金项目(21827806)
国家自然科学基金项目(21435004)
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