锂离子电池的电化学阻抗谱分析研究进展
Research Progress on Diagnosis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Lithium Ion Batteries
锂离子电池的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)是研究电化学系统最有力的实验方法之一,在过去的20多年中,EIS 被广泛应用于锂离子电池研究和生产领域,包括研究电极界面反应机理和容量衰减机制,测定相关电极过程动力学参数和电池的健康状态、荷电状态以及电池的内阻。本文分析了锂离子电池中电极极化过程包含的3 个基本物理化学过程———电子输运、离子输运和电化学反应过程,探讨了每一基本物理化学过程包含的步骤及其EIS 谱特征,详细论述了与电子输运相关的基本物理化学过程———接触阻抗和感抗产生的机制;介绍了多孔电极理论及其在锂离子电池中的应用,阐述了基于多孔电极理论进行阻抗谱数值模拟的建模原理与方法。 综述了石墨、硅、二元3d 过渡金属氧化物、LiCoO2、尖晶石LiMn2O4、LiFePO4、尖晶石Li4Ti5O12、过渡金属氟化物材料等电极的典型阻抗谱特征和各时间常数的归属问题。最后讨论了EIS现存的问题及未来的发展方向。
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most powerful experimental methods to study electrochemical systems, and has been extensively used in the analysis of lithium battery systems, especially to determine kinetic and transport parameters, understand reaction mechanisms, and to study degradation effects in past two decades. In this paper, the electrode polarization process in lithium ion batteries which includes three basic physical and chemical processes, namely, electronic transport process, ionic transport process and electrochemical reaction process, is briefly described, and the EIS characteristics of each transport and reaction stage of the three basic physical and chemical processes are discussed, especially the mechanism of inductance formation and contact impedance is expounded in detail. Moreover, porous electrode theory and its application in lithium ion batteries are reviewed, and emphasis is put upon the principle and method of numerical simulation of impedance with physics-based lithium-ion batteries models. Furthermore, the typical EIS characteristics and the attribution of each time constant of the electrode materials for lithium ion batteries such as graphite, silicon, simple binary transition metal oxides, LiCoO2, spinel LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, spinel Li4Ti5O12 and transition metal oxides are also discussed. Finally, the challenges currently faced by EIS are identified and possible directions and approaches in addressing these challenges are suggested.
Contents
2.1 Schottky contact impedance
2.2 The mechanism of inductance formation
2.3 Porous electrode theory and numerical simulation of impedance and their applications in lithium ion batteries
3.1 The EIS characteristics of lithium ion battery anode
3.2 The EIS characteristics of lithium ion battery cathode
lithium ion battery / electrochemical impedance spectroscopy / porous electrode / numerical simulation
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国家自然科学基金项目(U1730136)
中央高校基本科研业务费(2017XKQY062)
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