基于无机电致变色材料的变色储能器件
Electrochromic Energy-Storage Devices Based on Inorganic Materials
电致变色和电化学储能的原理均是基于电荷在电极中的嵌入或脱出而发生的氧化还原反应,具有相同的电化学本质。将电致变色和电化学储能功能集成在一起的电化学器件即电致变色储能器件。以锂离子电池为代表的电化学储能器件已广泛商业化,单一功能的电致变色器件也已被广泛报道并有商业化应用,但有关电致变色储能器件的研究仍然停留在实验阶段。该类器件在电化学储能的同时,可以改变其在可见光甚至红外波段的透射率,并可用颜色指示器件的荷电状态,为电化学器件提供新的应用前景。电致变色储能器件主要包括电致变色超级电容器、电致变色电池和光驱动电致变色智能窗等。电致变色超级电容器和电致变色电池以同时具有电致变色效应和电荷存储性质的材料为正负电极,光驱动电致变色智能窗则还包括将光能转化为电能的光电转换部分。这些器件可用于建筑节能智能窗、静态显示、智能传感等。此外,在柔性基底上制备的可穿戴电致变色储能器件在智能服装、植入显示器和电子皮肤等方面具有应用潜力。本文从基本原理、研究进展和应用领域等方面对无机电致变色储能材料与器件进行综述,并提出未来的研究展望。
Electrochromism and electrochemical energy-storage share the same electrochemical principles of redox reaction that occurs when the charge is inserted or removed in the electrode. An electrochemical device that integrates electrochromic and electrochemical energy storage functions is defined as an electrochromic energy-storage device. Although single-function electrochromic devices and electrochemical energy-storage devices have been widely reported and commercialized, the research on electrochromic energy storage devices is still in the experimental stage. Such devices can change their transmittance in the visible or even infrared range while electrochemically storing energy, and can indicate the state of charge of the device with color change, providing a new application prospect for electrochemical devices. Electrochromic energy-storage devices mainly include electrochromic supercapacitors, electrochromic batteries, and photo-driven electrochromic smart windows. Electrochromic supercapacitors and electrochromic batteries are composed of positive and negative electrodes with materials having both electrochromic effects and charge storage properties, and photo-driven electrochromic smart windows include an additional photoelectric conversion component. These devices can be used in building energy-saving smart windows, static displays, smart sensors, etc. In addition, when fabricated on flexible substrates, these wearable electrochromic energy-storage devices have potential applications in smart apparel, implanted displays and electronic skins. In this review, we discuss the electrochromic energy-storage devices from the basic principles, research progress, application fields, and future research prospects.
Contents
电致变色 / 电化学储能 / 锂离子电池 / 超级电容器 / 柔性器件
electrochromism / electrochemical energy storage / lithium ion batteries / supercapacitors / flexible devices
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国家自然科学基金项目(51777194)
浙江省杰出青年科学基金项目(LR20E020002)
浙江省新苗人才计划项目(2018R403001)
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