抗污染薄层复合聚酰胺膜的结构设计及改性策略
Structure Tailoring and Surface Modification of Antifouling Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membrane
由活性层和支撑层组成的薄层复合(TFC)聚酰胺(PA)膜,是目前广泛应用于纳滤、反渗透、正渗透和压力延迟渗透过程中的高性能脱盐膜,具有水通量大和截盐率高等优异性能。然而,由于TFC-PA膜存在活性层疏水性强、支撑层孔径大等特点,致使TFC-PA膜在实际使用过程中极易受到膜污染,制约了TFC-PA膜的进一步推广和使用。本文讨论分析了TFC-PA膜的结构特点和表面性质,总结归纳了在不同膜过程中TFC-PA膜污染形成的原因及特点,详细论述了国内外抗污染TFC-PA膜的研究进展。本文重点介绍了活性层抗污染改性和支撑层抗污染改性方法,并对其抗污染机理以及存在的问题进行了阐述与分析,最后对抗污染TFC-PA膜的结构设计与表面改性策略进行了总结及展望。
Membrane separation technologies have been widely used for water treatment and precise separation owing to their low operation cost and high separation efficiency. Thin-film composite(TFC) polyamide(PA) membrane is the state-of-art choice for separation membrane and has been widely used in nanofiltration(NF), reverse osmosis(RO), forward osmosis(FO) and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) process. TFC-PA membrane is comprised of a dense active polyamide layer and a microporous support layer, and has excellent perm-selectivity with high water flux and high salt rejection. However, due to the hydrophobicity of the PA layer and the microporous structure of the support layer, TFC-PA membrane is highly susceptible to membrane fouling, which limits its further application. Intensive works have been done to modify the TFC-PA membrane for the improved surface hydrophilicity and the enhanced antifouling performance. In this review, the fouling characteristics of TFC-PA membrane in different membrane processes are discussed, and the research progress of the antifouling TFC-PA membrane is summarized. Furthermore, the antifouling modification methods of the PA layer and the support layer are comprehensively reviewed as well as their antifouling mechanisms and the problems to be solved. This review provides some insights into the structure tailoring and surface modification of TFC-PA membrane having excellent antifouling properties.
1 Introduction
2 Membrane fouling
2.1 Formation process of the membrane fouling
2.2 Parameters affecting the membrane fouling
2.3 Fouling location of TFC-PA membrane
3 Structure tailoring and surface modification of the antifouling TFC-PA membrane
3.1 Construction strategy of the active layer with antifouling properties
3.2 Construction strategy of the support layer with antifouling properties
4 Conclusion and outlook
聚酰胺薄层复合膜 / 活性层 / 支撑层 / 膜污染 / 抗污染改性
thin-film composite polyamide / active layer / support layer / membrane fouling / antifouling modification
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国家自然科学基金项目(No. 21476249)
天津市科技发展计划重点平台项目(No. 17PTSYJC00060)
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