机械研磨条件下凝聚态有机合成探究
Investigation into Condensed-Matter Organic Synthesis under Mechanical Milling Conditions
通过研磨、剪切、拉伸等方式获得的机械力能促进化学反应,为合成化学开辟了新方向。机械研磨技术作为绿色无溶剂合成方法,应用前景广泛。本文综述了机械研磨技术应用于固态、黏稠状混合物等凝聚态下的有机合成反应,展望了机械研磨技术在有机反应中的发展前景。与传统液相反应相比,其不需要溶剂,具有反应效率高、反应时间短、选择性好、后处理简单、适用于溶解性差的底物等优点。通过机械研磨技术进行的凝聚态有机反应,在某些情况下,会经历与液相反应不同的反应途径,从而生成迥异的反应产物。
Mechanochemical activation achieved by milling, shearing or pulling opens up new opportunities in synthetic chemistry. Mechanical milling, which is a green solvent-free synthetic methodology, has wide application prospects. In this review, we present the current status and future prospect of mechanochemical organic reactions in condensed matters such as solid state or sticky reaction mixture. Compared with traditional liquid-phase counterparts, mechanochemical condensed-matter organic reactions have the advantages of no usage of solvent, high reaction efficiency, short reaction time, lower reaction temperature, good selectivity, simple post-treatment, and suitability for substrates with poor solubility. In some mechanochemical organic reactions, different reaction products are generated miraculously, especially those not available in liquid-phase counterparts.
===1 Introduction
===2 Typical examples of condensed-matter organic reactions under ball-milling conditions
===2.1 Cases with reduced reaction time and reaction temperature
===2.2 Cases with selectivity enhancement
===2.3 Cases with different reaction pathways
===3 Main issues of condensed-matter organic reactions under ball-milling conditions
===3.1 Milling apparatus
===3.2 Milling media and frequency
===3.3 Liquid-assisted grinding(LAG) and grinding auxiliary
===3.4 Mechanochemical reaction mechanisms: in situ monitoring
===4 Conclusion and outlook
mechanochemistry / mechanical milling / condensed-matter organic synthesis
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国家自然科学基金项目(21372211)
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