新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的检测和诊断
Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19
2019年12月以来席卷全球的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎是一种高传染性疾病,给全球社会、经济和生活带来了巨大的负面影响,严重威胁人类的生命安全。由于尚无用于COVID-19的特定药物或疫苗,快速及时的检测和诊断对于控制疫情至关重要。本文介绍了目前检测COVID-19的方法,主要比较了CT检测、核酸检测和抗体检测在检测COVID-19中各自发挥的作用,总结了各种方法的优势和不足之处,综述了各种方法的最新研究进展。病毒分离是检测病毒感染的黄金标准,但是要求严格的条件,这些条件多数实验室和医院无法满足。CT检查可以直接看到症状,但是存在特异性低的局限;核酸检测能提供直接的证据,是当前检测新型冠状病毒的主要方法,但是存在假阳性;抗体检测能提供非直接的证据,适于进行筛查工作,但是其无法用于感染的早期诊断且可能得到假阳性或假阴性结果。本文提出了联合使用和综合判读可以从技术和时间差上互补,并对未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。
The novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is a highly contagious pneumonia that has swept the world since December 2019. It has a huge negative impact on the global society, economy and life, which also seriously threatens people’s lives. Since there are no specific drugs or vaccines against COVID-19, rapid and timely detection and diagnosis are essential for controlling the epidemic. This article reviews the current detection methods for COVID-19. It mainly compares the function of computed tomography-based, nucleic acid-based and antibody-based methods for the detection of COVID-19, summarizes the advantages and weaknesses, and reviews recent research progress. Virus isolation is the gold standard for detecting viral infections but requires strict conditions that most laboratories and hospitals cannot reach; CT examination allow us directly see the symptoms but with a limitation of low specificity; nucleic acid testing provides direct evidence and is currently the main method for COVID-19 but have a false-negative rate; antibody testing is indirect evidence and adapt to carry out screening work, but it cannot be used in the early stage of infection and may get false-positive and false-negative results. Joint use and comprehensive interpretation are proposed to be complementary in terms of technology and time difference, which will play an important role in identifying patients, monitoring disease progress and investigating epidemiology. The future development, research priorities and challenges are addressed.
1 Introduction
2 Virus isolation and sequencing
3 Computed tomography
4 Nucleic acid detection
5 Antibody detection
6 Conclusion and outlook
新型冠状病毒 / 病毒分离测序 / CT检测 / 核酸检测 / 抗体检测
novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) / virus isolation and sequencing / computed tomography examination / nucleic acid detection / antibody detection
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*国家自然科学基金项目(21890740, 21890742, 21727815)
中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-TP-18-020A1,FRF-BD-20-14A)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M631332)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MB54)
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202004a07020018)
安徽省教育厅重大项目(KJ2019ZD58)
安徽省皖江学者计划资助()
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