凝聚态化学研究中的动力学振动光谱理论与技术
Dynamic Vibrational Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter Chemistry: Theory and Techniques
化学变化的本质是化学键的形成与断裂。凝聚态化学的主要特征是分子内的物理与化学过程与周围环境之间的动态相互作用和动力学耦合,不仅会影响化学键形成与断裂的化学反应平衡与反应速率,还会改变化学反应的走向。动力学振动光谱技术是探测凝聚态体相中与表面上各种微观分子细节最为有力的当代谱学表征技术之一。与脉冲核磁技术类似,科学家们使用一组精心设计的激光脉冲在凝聚态体系中激发复杂的光学响应,所产生的信号中包含了比传统吸收光谱丰富得多的反应机理、分子与溶液结构、分子运动、电荷与能量传递等微观信息。近年来,各种动力学振动光谱被运用于凝聚态化学的各个领域,尤其是在溶液态和表界面态领域,获得了一系列突破性进展,并且处于不断发展的过程之中。在本文中,我们将回顾及展望动力学振动光谱技术的基本概念、实验方法和理论框架,以及它们在凝聚态及表面态化学中的重要应用。
The essence of chemical change is the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. The main feature of condensed matter chemistry is that the dynamic interaction and kinetic coupling between the physical and chemical processes in the molecule and the surrounding environment, not only affect the equilibrium and reaction rate of the chemical reaction of chemical bond formation and breaking process, but also change the direction and outcome of the chemical reaction. Dynamic vibration spectroscopy is one of the most powerful modern spectroscopic characterization techniques for detecting various microscopic molecular details in the condensed phase and on its surface or at its interface. Like the pulsed NMR technology, scientists use a set of carefully designed laser pulses to stimulate the complex optical responses in a condensed matter chemical system. The resulting signal contains a much richer information on reaction mechanism than that with traditional absorption spectra. The microscopic information of the molecules such as their structure, molecular motion, charge and energy transfer can be obtained. In recent years, various dynamic vibrational spectroscopy has been developed and applied in various fields of condensed-state chemistry, especially in the field of solution state and surface/interface state. A series of breakthroughs have been made and are in the process of continuous development. In this article, we briefly review and prospect the basic concepts of dynamic vibration spectroscopy techniques, experimental methods and theoretical frameworks, as well as their important applications in condensed state and surface state chemistry.
1 Introduction
2 Brief description of the experimental techniques
2.1 Two-dimensional coherent infrared spectroscopy
2.2 Interface selective sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS)
3 Theoretical description of the dynamics of the solution phase vibrational spectroscopy
3.1 SOS (sum over-states) method
3.2 NISE (numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation) method
3.3 NEP (nonlinear exciton propagation) method
3.4 SLE (stochastic Liouville equations) method
4 Two-dimensional infrared technique and its application to solution phase chemistry
5 Sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy technique and its application to surface and interfacial chemistry
6 Conclusions and outlook
凝聚态化学动力学 / 化学环境相互作用 / 动力学耦合 / 非线性光谱与动力学 / 二维红外光谱 / 界面振动光谱
condensed phase chemical dynamics / chemical environmental interaction / dynamic coupling / nonlinear spectroscopy and dynamics / two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy / interfacial vibrational spectroscopy
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国家自然科学基金项目(21727802)
国家自然科学基金项目(21873101)
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