副本交换分子动力学
Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics
副本交换分子动力学(REMD)是一种广泛应用于蛋白质功能性构象变化模拟及相应自由能计算的增强型采样算法。由于REMD理论严格且采样效率高,近年来备受关注,尤其是针对传统REMD方法的发展和优化,显著提高了REMD的采样效率,拓展了其应用范围。但是各种REMD新型方法的最佳适用范围也存在较大区别,使得如何选用合适的REMD方法成为实际应用的难题和挑战。因此,有必要对各种REMD方法及其应用进行阐述,深入比较各方法的优缺点及其实际应用体系。本综述从REMD的原理出发,回顾了近年来各类REMD方法的变形策略,以助于对REMD方法的理解、应用和继续改进。
Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) is a kind of enhanced sampling algorithm that has been widely used in the study of protein conformation changes with their free energy landscape. Due to its rigorous principle and high sampling efficiency, researches on the optimization and development of the conventional REMD method have also sprung up, and have been in the ascendant recently, which greatly enhances its sampling efficiency and expands its application. However, those REMD variations usually have specific application, making it difficult to choose suitable REMD variations in practical application. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize the REMD variations for understanding their advantages and disadvantages and for choosing suitable REMD variations. Here, we review recent development of the REMD variations from the perspective of their principle, and classify them into six types of methods: I) improving the approach and swapping rate of replica exchange, II) reducing the potential energy on exchange attempts to reduce the number of replica, III) Hamiltonians replica exchange molecular dynamics, IV) adjusting simulation process to improve sampling efficiency, V) changing the sampling methods, VI) adapting to heterogeneous and distributed computing environment. We hope that this review may be helpful in the understanding, application, and further improvement of the various REMD variations.
1 Introduction
2 Temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics
3 Improve the approach and swapping rate of replica exchange
4 reduce the potential energy on exchange attempts to Reduce the number of replica
4.1 Deal with the explicit solvent
4.2 Reduce the freedom of solute
5 Hamiltonians replica exchange molecular dynamics
5.1 Adjust the formula of potential energy
5.2 Adopted into other enhanced sampling algorithms
5.3 Multidimensional replica exchange molecular dynamics
5.4 Introducing physical parameters in simulations
6 Adjust simulation process to improve sampling efficiency
6.1 The way of temperature control
6.2 The parameters in parallel replicas
6.3 Multilayer simulation in parallel replicas
6.4 Adjust initial structures
7 Sampling methods
8 Heterogeneous and distributed computing environment
9 Conclusion and outlook
副本交换分子动力学 / 变形 / 采样效率 / 副本数目 / 构象变化
replica exchange molecular dynamics / variation / sampling efficiency / number of replica / conformational change
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0502301)
国家重大新药创制科技重大专项(2018ZX09711002)
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