血红素基模拟酶的功能化构建与应用
Functional Construction and Application of Hemin-Based Mimetic Enzyme
模拟酶作为一种仿生催化剂,能够有效克服生物酶在提纯、储存及循环利用等方面的限制。血红素是大多数过氧化物酶活性中心的必需辅基,其铁卟啉结构赋予其基础的类过氧化物酶催化活性,但天然游离血红素存在因分子间自聚集、易氧化失活及催化位点暴露不足等问题,导致催化效率降低且稳定性差,将血红素与负载材料结合得到的血红素基模拟酶,既可有效抑制血红素自聚集与氧化降解,又能增强其催化活性与稳定性。本综述主要介绍了几类常见的血红素基模拟酶,并根据各种负载材料的作用原理以及血红素基模拟酶的特性,对血红素基模拟酶的构建及应用进行了归纳和总结,剖析了各种负载材料的结构特性对模拟酶功能的调控规律,并对其发展趋势进行展望。目前血红素基模拟酶的设计构建仍面临自组装过程复杂、制备过程可控性较差等关键瓶颈问题,未来可聚焦于对负载材料进行更深入的物理化学研究,将血红素和各种支持物的性能进行高度结合,例如建立负载材料物化特性与血红素分子定向组装的构效关系图谱,通过界面工程策略实现血红素与载体性能的协同优化,或者寻找其他性能相似的负载材料,开发兼具高催化活性与结构均一性的血红素基模拟酶,推动血红素基模拟酶在多领域的实际应用。
As a type of biomimetic catalyst, artificial enzymes can effectively overcome the limitations of natural enzymes in purification, storage, and recyclability. Hemin (Fe(Ⅲ)-protoporphyrin Ⅸ), serving as the essential cofactor in the active center of most peroxidases, possesses fundamental peroxidase-like catalytic activity due to its iron-porphyrin structure. However, native free hemin suffers from issues such as intermolecular self-aggregation, susceptibility to oxidative deactivation, and insufficient exposure of catalytic sites, leading to reduced catalytic efficiency and poor stability. Combining hemin with supporting materials to form hemin-based artificial enzymes can effectively inhibit hemin self-aggregation and oxidative degradation while simultaneously enhancing its catalytic activity and stability. This review primarily introduces several common types of hemin-based artificial enzymes. It summarizes and categorizes their construction and applications based on the underlying principles of the various support materials and the characteristics of the resulting hemin-based enzymes. Furthermore, it analyzes how the structural properties of different supports regulate the functions of the artificial enzymes and provides an outlook on their future development. Current challenges in designing and constructing hemin-based artificial enzymes include complex self-assembly processes and poor controllability during preparation. Future studies could focus on conducting in-depth physicochemical research on support materials to achieve a higher integration of hemin and support properties. This may involve establishing structure-activity relationship maps correlating the physicochemical properties of supports with the directional assembly of hemin molecules, implementing interface engineering strategies for synergistic optimization of hemin and carrier performance, or exploring alternative support materials with similar properties. The development of hemin-based artificial enzymes combining high catalytic activity with structural homogeneity is key to facilitating their practical applications across multiple fields.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Hemin
3 Synthesis and application of hemin-based artificial enzymes
3.1 Carbon-supported hemin artificial enzymes
3.2 MOF-supported hemin artificial enzymes
3.3 Integration and applications of hemin-functionalized inorganic supports
3.4 Research and application of synthetic polymer-immobilized Hemin
3.5 Conjugation and applications of Hemin with biomacromolecules
4 Conclusion and outlook
hemin / artificial enzymes / metal-organic frameworks / biocatalysis
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中石油集团公司关键核心攻关项目(2022GJ17)
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