邻硝基苯甲醛（简称ONBA）是一种重要的有机合成中间体，在医药、染料、农药等领域有着广泛应用，研究其绿色高效合成方法在选择性氧化研究领域以及化工生产行业均具有重要价值。本文综述了ONBA的合成方法研究进展，围绕均相与非均相催化剂反应体系两大方向，介绍了各体系中具有代表性以及创新性的研究成果。均相催化剂反应体系包括液相化学氧化和电化学氧化方法；非均相催化剂反应体系则涵盖热催化、光催化及仿生催化等绿色合成方法。本文还指出当前研究中存在的催化剂性能与稳定性较低、反应机理研究不足、邻硝基吸电子基影响底物活性等问题。未来需围绕绿色氧化剂开发、反应机理探究、催化剂精准设计等方向在该领域开展深入研究，推动ONBA合成方法的绿色化、高效化与可持续化发展。

o-Nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBA) is an important organic synthesis intermediate, which is widely used in medicine, dyes, pesticides and other fields. The development of its green and efficient synthesis process is of great value in the field of selective oxidation research and chemical production industry. In this paper, the research progress of the synthesis process of ONBA is reviewed. The homogeneous and the heterogeneous catalyst reaction system are analyzed, and the representative and innovative research results in each system are introduced. Homogeneous catalyst systems include liquid-phase chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation methods that are still in the research stage. The heterogeneous system covers green synthesis methods such as thermal catalysis, photocatalysis and biomimetic catalysis. This paper also points out the problems existing in the current research, such as low catalyst performance and stability, insufficient research on reaction mechanism, and the influence of o-nitro electron-withdrawing group on substrate activity. In the future, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research in this field around the development of green oxidants, exploration of reaction mechanism, and precise design of catalysts, so as to promote the green, efficient and sustainable development of ONBA synthesis process.