挥发性有机物在饮用水供水系统中的污染特征、处理机制及风险评估

朱靖岚; 郑晓婷; 黄东龙; 蔡幸聪; 杨滨; 应光国

doi:10.7536/PC20260409

化学进展 ›› :0- DOI: 10.7536/PC20260409

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挥发性有机物在饮用水供水系统中的污染特征、处理机制及风险评估

朱靖岚 ¹ ,
郑晓婷 ¹ ,
黄东龙 ² ,
蔡幸聪 ³ ,
杨滨 ¹^,^* ,
应光国 ¹

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摘要

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是水中典型污染物，涵盖烷烃、卤代烃、芳香烃等类别，主要源于工业排放，对饮用水水质及人类健康构成潜在威胁。本文综述饮用水供水系统中VOCs的分析检测方法、污染特征、去除机制与风险评估。分析检测方面，传统气相色谱-经典检测器联用技术灵敏度与选择性有待提升，而基于高分辨质谱的非靶向筛查技术能实现多组分VOCs的全面识别，展现出良好的应用前景。污染特征上，饮用水源VOCs浓度多处于微克每升级别，以卤代烃、芳香烃为主，工业是首要污染源，其空间分布受水动力条件及人类活动强度共同影响。处理机制方面，常规水处理工艺对溶解态VOCs去除能力有限，而活性炭吸附、曝气脱除及臭氧氧化等技术可通过吸附、气液传质及分子转化等途径实现差异化去除，其去除效果与VOCs的理化性质有关。风险评估显示，不同流域VOCs生态风险存在显著差异，高风险区域多与工业污染集中及水体交换能力较弱相关；人体健康风险总体可控，但局部地区仍存在高风险物质主导效应。未来研究应重点关注跨流域监测体系构建、多污染物联合风险评估及污染物特性与处理机制的耦合关系，以推动VOCs污染控制由经验驱动向机制驱动转变。

Abstract

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are typical pollutants in water, encompassing alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and other categories. They mainly originate from industrial emissions and pose potential threats to drinking water quality and human health. This paper reviews the analytical detection methods, pollution characteristics, removal mechanisms, and risk assessment of VOCs in drinking water supply systems. In terms of analytical detection of VOCs, the sensitivity and selectivity of traditional gas chromatography coupled with conventional detectors require improvement, whereas non-targeted screening techniques based on high-resolution mass spectrometry can achieve comprehensive identification of multi-component VOCs, demonstrating promising prospects for practical application. In terms of pollution characteristics, the concentration of VOCs in drinking water sources is mostly at the microgram per liter level, mainly consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Industry is the primary pollution source, and their spatial distribution is jointly influenced by hydrodynamic conditions and the intensity of human activities. Regarding treatment mechanisms, conventional water treatment processes have limited capacity to remove dissolved VOCs, whereas technologies such as activated carbon adsorption, aeration removal and ozonation can achieve differentiated removal through adsorption, gas-liquid mass transfer and molecular transformation. The removal efficiency is related to the physicochemical properties of the VOCs. Risk assessments indicate significant variations in VOC ecological risks across different river basins. High-risk areas are predominantly associated with concentrated industrial pollution and poor water exchange capacity. Though high-risk VOC substances continue to exert a dominant influence in certain localized areas, their human health risks are generally manageable. Future research should prioritize the establishment of cross-basin monitoring systems, joint risk assessments of multiple VOC pollutants, and the coupling relationship between pollutant characteristics and treatment mechanisms, to facilitate a shift in VOC pollution control from an experience-driven to a mechanism-driven approach.

关键词

挥发性有机物 / 饮用水 / 检测技术 / 污染特征 / 风险评估

Key words

volatile organic compounds / drinking water / analytical detection methods / pollution characteristics / risk assessment

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朱靖岚, 郑晓婷, 黄东龙, 蔡幸聪, 杨滨, 应光国. 挥发性有机物在饮用水供水系统中的污染特征、处理机制及风险评估[J]. 化学进展, , (): 0 DOI:10.7536/PC20260409

Jinglan Zhu, Xiaoting Zheng, Donglong Huang, Xingcong Cai, Bin Yang, Guangguo Ying. Progress in Chemistry 0 DOI:10.7536/PC20260409

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