掺杂对钠离子电池正极材料性能影响机制的研究
Study on the Mechanism of the Influence of Doping on the Properties of Cathode Materials of Sodium Ion Batteries
钠元素在地壳中的丰度是锂元素的1000倍,资源丰富,价格低廉。同时,钠离子电池负极可采用廉价的铝箔替代铜箔,且低温特性更加优异,在能量型、备用型储能场景均具有较好应用前景,因而钠离子电池被认为是下一代大规模储能技术的理想选择之一。然而,相对锂离子而言,钠离子较大的离子半径和质量极大限制了其在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌,导致电池的工作电压和能量密度相对较低。在钠离子电池材料体系中,正极材料的研究尤为需要长足的进步。本文对现有的典型钠离子电池正极材料进行了综述,包括层状金属氧化物、聚阴离子化合物和普鲁士蓝类化合物,并重点分析了掺杂对钠离子电池正极材料性能的影响。通过元素掺杂可提高材料的循环可逆性、增加其可逆容量、提升钠离子扩散动力学性能,能够在一定程度上改变晶格的性质,增强晶格稳定性、电子导电性、钠离子嵌脱动力学性能等。本文总结了掺杂应用在现有材料中获得的成果,并对正极材料未来的研究方向以及发展前景提出了展望。
The abundance of sodium salt in the earth’s crust is 1000 times higher than that of lithium. At the same time, low-cost aluminum foil can be used as the anode of sodium ion battery instead of copper foil, and the low-temperature characteristics are more excellent, which has a good application prospect in energy storage and standby energy storage scenarios. Therefore, sodium ion battery is considered one of the ideal choices for the next generation of large-scale energy storage technology. However, compared with lithium ion, the large ion radius and mass of sodium ion greatly limit its reversible deintercalation in electrode materials, resulting in relatively low working voltage and energy density of the battery. In the sodium ion battery materials system, the research of cathode materials needs great progress. In this paper, the existing typical cathode materials for sodium ion batteries are reviewed, including layered metal oxides, polyanions and Prussian blue compounds. The effect of doping on the performance of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries is analyzed. The cycling reversibility, reversible capacity and diffusion kinetics of sodium ions can be improved by element doping, which can change the properties of the crystal lattice to a certain extent, and enhance the stability, electronic conductivity and intercalation kinetics of sodium ions. In this paper, the achievements of doping application in the existing materials are summarized, and the future research direction and development prospect of cathode materials are put forward.
1 Research background
2 Doping modification of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
2.1 Modification of layered metal oxides by doping
2.2 Modification of Prussian Blue by doping
2.3 Modification of polyanionic compounds by doping
3 Doping modification principle of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
3.1 Restrain phase transition and stabilize structure
3.2 Increase the layer spacing and improve the dynamics
3.3 Improving the discharge capacity of cathode materials
3.4 Improve the electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity of materials
3.5 Inhibition of Na+Vacancy ordered structure
4 Conclusion and outlook
sodium ion battery / positive material / doping
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