钯铜纳米电催化剂的制备方法及应用
Preparation and Application of Palladium⁃Copper Nano Electrocatalysts
贵金属钯(Pd)基纳米材料是一类具有优异催化活性的电催化材料,其中钯⁃铜(Pd⁃Cu)二元材料由于具有低成本和高活性的优点,近年来备受瞩目。铜(Cu)的引入不但降低了Pd的用量,还带来了诸如配体效应、应力效应、聚集体效应等协同作用,这为优化材料的电催化性能带来了多种切入角度。特殊形貌及结构的构建可以使催化剂暴露更多的活性位点,增大电化学活性表面积,提高电催化性能。此外,对Pd⁃Cu组分的调整或构建复合结构可以实现对d带中心的调控,从而优化电极界面吸附能,最终实现增强活性和改善稳定性的目的。本文总结了具有球形、多面体、核壳、多孔、枝晶状以及单原子等结构的Pd⁃Cu二元材料的制备方法,并概述了它们在有机小分子(甲醇、乙醇、甲酸等)电氧化、无机小分子(氧、二氧化碳、氮、水等)电还原以及化学镀铜上的应用。最后展望了Pd⁃Cu电催化剂的发展前景。
Nanomaterials that contain noble metal palladium are kinds of electrocatalytic materials which have excellent properties. Among them, Pd⁃Cu binary materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their low cost and high activity. The introduction of Cu not only reduces the amount of Pd, but also causes ligand effect, stress effect, aggregation effect and so on, which provides a variety of ways to optimize the electrocatalytic performance. Constructing special morphology and structure can make the catalyst expose more active sites to increase the electrochemical active surface area and improve the electrocatalytic performance. In addition, the adjustment of Pd⁃Cu component or the construction of composite structure can adjust the d⁃band center, thereby optimizing the electrode interface adsorption energy, and finally enhancing activity and improving stability. This review summarizes some preparation methods of Cu⁃Pd nano electrocatalysts with different structures, such as spherical particles, porous structure, branched structure, hollow nanocage, core⁃shell structure and single atom. In addition, the application of Cu⁃Pd nano electrocatalysts in organic small molecule oxidation (such as methanol, ethanol, formic acid oxidation), inorganic small molecule reduction (such as oxygen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction) and electroless copper plating is also summarized. Finally, the development prospect of Cu⁃Pd nano electrocatalyst is presented.
Pd⁃Cu二元材料 / 核壳结构 / 单原子 / 纳米颗粒 / 电催化剂
Pd⁃Cu binary material / core⁃shell structure / single atom / nanoparticle / electrocatalysts
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