生物酶驱动的微纳米马达在生物医学领域的应用
Biomedical Applications of Enzyme⁃Powered Micro/Nanomotors
生物酶驱动微纳米马达是指利用天然酶催化分解过氧化氢、葡萄糖、尿素和甘油酯等燃料来提供动力的一种新型微纳米机器。生物酶驱动的微纳米马达具有良好的生物相容性,能够在原位利用生物燃料实现自主靶向运动,无需外加原料,这使得生物酶驱动的微纳米马达在生物医学领域展现出巨大的发展潜力与前景。目前,生物酶驱动的微纳米马达在生物医学领域的应用得到众多科学家的关注,但是时至今日,还没有一篇及时、全面、着重地讨论生物酶驱动微纳米马达在生物医学领域应用的综述文章。基于本课题组的研究经验以及目前该领域的发展情况,本文着重讨论不同种类生物酶驱动微纳米马达在疾病诊疗等生物医学领域应用的最新进展,包括生物标志物的检测与诊断、成像显像剂、癌症和其他疾病的治疗等。最后,本文对该领域的发展与未来研究方向提出展望,为实现以“面向世界科技前沿、面向人民生命健康”为目标的“人类卫生健康共同体”提供新的思路和方向。
Enzyme⁃powered micro/nanomotor is a new type of micro/nanomachines that uses natural enzymes to catalyze the decomposition of fuels such as hydrogen peroxide, glucose, urea, and glycerides to provide power, which mainly includes hydrogen peroxidase, urease, glucose oxidase, and lipase⁃powered nanomotors. Compared with traditional micro/nanomotors, enzyme powered micro/nanomotors have good biocompatibility, and can achieve autonomous targeting motion in situ using biofuel without additional fuels, which endows enzyme⁃driven micro/nanomotors with great potential and prospects for in vivo applications, especially in biomedical fields. Currently, the application of enzyme⁃driven micro/nanomotors in biomedical fields has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, there is no review timely and concisely summarizing the progress in this research aspect. Therefore, based on our experience, this paper focuses on the recent progress of different types of enzyme⁃powered micro/nanomotors in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and briefly introduces the application of triglyceride degradation and bacterial infection. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the development and future research in this field, and hopes to stimulate new ideas for building a "human health community" with the goal of "towards the science and technology frontiers worldwide, as well as peoples’ life and health".
micro/nanomotors / enzymatic catalysis / cancer therapy / bioimaging
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国家自然科学基金项目(52073071)
国家自然科学基金项目(51703043)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0603500)
国家博士后项目(2020T130144)
国家博士后项目(2016M600247)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(YQ2022E021)
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