水是一种清洁、安全、环境友好的化学反应介质,认识水介质体系中水的性质及水热化学反应对凝聚态化学的研究至关重要。水热条件下的水处于高温高压状态,其物理化学性质往往与常态下的水完全不同;因此,水热体系中可进行的化学反应范畴大为拓宽。本文介绍了水分子及其团簇的结构,水性质随条件变化的规律和特点以及水热体系中的凝聚态问题,综述了水热体系中典型的材料合成、水热有机化学反应、生物水热合成等内容,梳理了凝聚态和水热化学之间的关系,期望从凝聚态化学的角度为理解水热化学及反应体系提供一些新的思路。

Water is a clean, safe, environmentally benign chemical reaction medium. Understanding the properties of water and the chemical processes in hydrothermal systems is of vital significance in the research of condensed matter chemistry. The physicochemical features of water under hydrothermal conditions greatly differ from that under normal condition, and thus the hydrothermal technique has been extended to much broader systems. In this review article, we introduce the structures of water and its clusters, the variation of their properties along with conditions, and relevant condensed matters in hydrothermal systems. We also illustrate the hydrothermal chemistry through discussing the preparation of typical materials through hydrothermal methods, hydrothermal organic reactions, and bio-hydrothermal chemistry. By relating condensed matter and hydrothermal chemistry, we hope this review will offer new ideas for comprehending hydrothermal reaction systems from the angle of condensed matter chemistry.