活性人工游泳体的螺旋运动
Helical Motion of Active Artificial Swimmers
螺旋运动轨迹在自然界的各个尺度中普遍存在,其影响着多种生命过程包括生物繁殖、觅食、定位有利环境和检测营养梯度等。开发化学力等驱动螺旋运动的人工游泳体不仅具有广泛的应用价值以及提升我们对生物游泳体运动规律和机理的认识,同时推动新型机器人运动设计和提高机器人的运动效率。本文首先总结了人工系统中以微生物鞭毛/纤毛的旋转和拍打等方式为灵感来源设计的可进行螺旋运动的人工游泳体,然后综述了近年来在材料化学领域制备的进行螺旋运动小型人工游泳体的研究进展,并根据驱动力来源的不同对各种类型活性人工游泳体进行分类介绍,最后提出了目前研究中待解决的问题并对未来发展和研究方向进行了展望。
Helical motion can be observed on all length scales, which affects a variety of life processes, including biological reproduction, foraging, locating favorable environments and detecting nutrient gradients. The development of artificial swimmers that can perform helical motions not only has a wide range of applications and improves our understanding of the laws and mechanisms of biological swimmers' motions, but also contributes to the design of novel robots and improves the efficiency of robotic motions. In this paper, we first summarize artificial swimmers that can perform helical motions in artificial systems designed by using the rotation and flapping of microbial flagella/cilia as an inspiration source. Then diverse artificial swimmers that perform helical motions in recent years are introduced by different sources of driving force. Finally, the unresolved questions and prospect are tentatively presented in this field.
1 Introduction
2 Helical motion and bionic design of biological swimmers
2.1 Flagella-driven swimmers
2.2 Cilia-driven swimmers
3 Driving forces and motion control of helical motion of artificial swimmers
3.1 Helical motion driven by external physical fields
3.2 Helical motion driven by interfacial/surface tension force
3.3 Helical motion driven by chemical force
4 Conclusion and outlook
活性物质 / 人工游泳体 / 螺旋运动 / 表面张力 / 化学力
active matter / artificial swimmer / helical motion / surface tension / chemical force
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国家自然科学基金项目(22120102001)
国家自然科学基金项目(21972165)
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