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气体分子反应中的凝聚态化学
Condensed Matter Chemistry in Gaseous Molecules Reactions
研究气体分子间的反应不仅对推动工业、农业以及经济的发展具有重要意义,而且对凝聚态化学的建设具有特殊的作用。一般条件下以分散状态存在的气体分子,由于结构的稳定性往往导致化学反应的惰性,因此在绝大多数情况下只能在具有特定组成与结构的催化剂的“活化”作用下才能发生反应。本文列举了5个简单的实例来说明气体分子间反应的进行与结果受制甚至完全决定于反应条件下特定凝聚态催化剂的特性、组成与多层次结构。除此之外,我们还列举了另一条反应路线,即少数气体分子在诸如髙压、超低温、激光、等离子体以及超临界等极端反应条件下,其电子与几何结构以及“态”会发生变化,从而发生特定凝聚态化学反应。
Studying the reactions between gaseous molecules are not only of great significance to promote the development of industry, agriculture and economy, but also play a special role in the construction of condensed chemistry. Under normal conditions, gaseous molecules exist in a dispersed state. Because the stability of the structure of gaseous molecules, in most cases, the reactions between them can only occur under the “activation” of the catalyst with a specific composition and structure. In this paper, we list five simple examples to illustrate that the occurrence, progress and results of gaseous intermolecular reactions are subject to or even completely determined by the characteristics, composition and multi-level structure of the catalysts with specific condensed matter state under reaction conditions. In addition, we also list another reaction route in this paper, that is, under extreme reaction conditions such as high pressure, ultra-low temperature, laser, plasma and supercritical, the electronic and geometric structures and “states” of a few gaseous molecules will change, resulting in the specific condensed matter chemical reactions.
1 Introduction
2 Catalytic reaetion between gas molecules
Example 1 Homogeneous hydrogenation reaction of olefins
Example 2 Hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde over Co/SiO2with different surface structures
Example 3 Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane
Example 4 Synthesis reactions of CO/H2over Ru-containing molten salt catalysts
Example 5 The synthesis of ammonia via reaction of N2+H2catalyzed by nitrogenase
3 Condensed matter state reactions between gas molecules under extreme conditions(high pressure)
4 Outlook
condensed state / gaseous molecules / chemical reaction
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国家自然科学基金项目(22288101)
国家自然科学基金项目(U1967215)
国家自然科学基金项目(21835002)
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