凝聚态化学视角下的多孔材料缺陷工程
Condensed Matter Chemistry: The Defect Engineering of Porous Materials
凝聚态化学主要研究涉及多种态材料的多层次结构、化学性质与化学反应、凝聚态构筑化学中的前沿科学问题。多孔材料具有比表面积高、孔道结构可调控的特性,在多种应用环境中展现巨大潜力。随着对多孔材料缺陷工程策略的不断深入探索,凝聚态化学的研究范围被极大扩展。在多孔材料的缺陷位点构筑以及功能化应用中,凝聚态化学渗透于每个过程中。缺陷型多孔材料的合成中涉及的物相、孔结构和缺陷位点的形成与调控;在性能应用过程中表面活性位点促进客体物种的转化,充分体现出凝聚态化学过程中的各种化学反应、多孔材料微观结构与不同物种间的表、界面相互作用。本文以缺陷型多孔材料为研究对象开展讨论,包括适于缺陷工程策略的无机多孔材料、多孔材料中缺陷结构的类型、多孔材料凝聚态化学缺陷位点的构筑与调控、多孔材料中缺陷位点的表征以及富缺陷型多孔材料在能源存储和催化领域中的应用,以期从凝聚态化学角度加深对多孔材料缺陷工程的认识,并期待以凝聚态化学为指导进一步推动功能化多孔材料的发展。
Condensed matter chemistry is mainly concerned with the multilevel structure, chemical properties and chemical reactions of various states of materials, and frontier scientific issues in condensed matter construction chemistry. Porous materials with high surface area and adjustable pore structure, show great potential in a variety of applications. With the continuous exploration of defect engineering strategies for porous materials, the research scope of condensed matter chemistry has been greatly expanded. In the construction of defect sites and the functionalization application of porous materials, condensed matter chemistry permeates every process. The formation and regulation of phase, pore structure and defect sites involved in the synthesis of defective porous materials and the effective transformation of guest species on surface active sites in performance application, which fully reflects various chemical reactions, surface and interface interactions between the microstructure of porous materials and different species in condensed matter chemistry. This paper takes defective porous materials as the research object to discuss, including the suitable inorganic porous materials for defect engineering strategies, the types of defect structures in porous materials, the construction and regulation of defect sites of porous materials in condensed matter chemistry, the characterization of defect sites in porous materials, and applications of defect-rich porous materials in the field of energy storage and catalysis. In is desired to deepen the understanding of porous material defect engineering from the perspective of condensed matter chemistry, and it is expected to further promote the development of functional porous materials under the guidance of condensed matter chemistry.
1 Introduction
2 Porous materials suitable for defect engineering
3 Defect types of porous materials
3.1 Vacancy defect
3.2 Doping defect
3.3 Other type defects
4 Construction methods for defect engineering of porous materials
4.1 In-situ synthesis method
4.2 High temperature heat treatment method
4.3 Chemical reduction method
4.4 Vacuum activation method
4.5 Other methods
5 Characterization method of defect structure in porous materials
5.1 Micromorphology characterization
5.2 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
5.3 Raman spectrum
5.4 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
5.5 Synchrotron radiation X-ray fine structure spectrum
6 Applications of defect-rich porous materials
6.1 Effect of defect engineering on porous materials
6.2 Application of defect-rich porous materials in catalysis and energy fields
7 Conclusion and perspective
condensed matter chemistry / porous materials / mesoporous materials / defect engineering
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青年千人计划项目和国家自然科学基金项目(21671073)
青年千人计划项目和国家自然科学基金项目(21621001)
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