Protein S-nitrosylation (SNO) is a dynamic and reversible oxidative post-translational modification, widespread in mammals, plants and microorganisms. Previous mechanistic investigation with high-level quantum calculations indicated that many meta-stable intermediates present in the reaction pathway. On the other hand, S-nitrosylation level significantly changes in various human diseases, including tumor, inflammation, aging, Alzheimers disease (AD) and Parkinsons disease (PD). More intensive study has become an urgent need for drug and therapy development. In this paper, molecular mechanism and site-specificity of SNO are summarized, the biological functions are discussed, and especially the correlation between SNO and human diseases are presented.

Contents
1 Formation mechanism of S-nitrosylation (SNO)
2 Site specificity of SNO
3 Detection methods of SNO
4 Biological functions of SNO
5 SNO and diseases
5.1 SNO and transportation of blood
5.2 SNO and diabetes
5.3 SNO and neurodegenerative diseases
5.4 SNO and asthma symptoms
5.5 SNO and cancers
6 SNO and cell apoptosis
7 Conclusion