Recently organic synthesis using carbon dioxide as the raw material has attracted considerable attention from scientists because of the resourceful and environmental factors. Especially, transition metal-catalyzed carboxylation reaction is an efficient method to construct carboxylic acids and their derivatives, which is regarded as one of ideal strategies for carbon dioxide utilization and carbon recycle. The recent advances of carboxylation reaction of CO₂ with various substrates (electrophiles, hydrocarbons, nucleophiles) are reviewed herein.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Carboxylation of CO₂ with various electrophiles
2.1 Carboxylation of CO₂ with halogenated hydrocarbon
2.2 Carboxylation of CO₂ with esters or alcohols
2.3 Carboxylation of CO₂ with other electrophiles
3 Carboxylation of CO₂ with diverse hydrocarbon compounds containing C—H bond
3.1 Carboxylation of CO₂ with hydrocarbon containing C(sp)—H bond
3.2 Carboxylation of CO₂ with hydrocarbon containing C(sp²)—H bond
3.3 Carboxylation of CO₂ with hydrocarbon containing C(sp³)—H bond
4 Carboxylation of CO₂ with different nucleophiles
4.1 Carboxylation of CO₂ with organoboranes
4.2 Carboxylation of CO₂ with organosilanes
5 Conclusion and outlook