At present, application of nanoparticles for drug delivery and tumor targeting has become a very popular concept to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of tumor tissues. People have long expected to use nanotechnology, which is easy to manufacture, cost effective, low toxic, to improve the efficiency of treatment. However, the transfer efficiency is extremely low according to the reported literature, only about 0.7% of the administered nanoparticles reach tumor. In this paper, we analyze the influence factor of low efficiency on nanoparticle targeted delivery, including transport pathway of nanoparticles, the barrier in the course of nanoparticles transport, and in vivo clearance of nanoparticles. For the applications of nanoparticles, firstly, we introduce the preparation methods of polymer nanoparticles and the current application in clinic; followed by the introduction of iron oxide nanoparticles, which has great potential clinical application value, combined with drug by different binding modes; we also introduce the widely studied mesoporous silica nanoparticles and its several different drug delivery systems. The biomimetic nanoparticles of cell membrane is also recommended due to its great advantage in constructing drug delivery system. Finally, the future research of nanoparticles in drug delivery is prospected. We hope that we could promote the application of nanoparticles in drug delivery and accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicine through systematic study on nanoparticles delivery.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The delivery efficiency of nanoparticles and consequences
3 The barrier in the course of nanoparticles transport
4 The in vivo clearance of nanoparticles
4.1 Mononuclear phagocytic system identificaion
4.2 Macrophage uptake nanoparticles
4.3 Renal clearance
5 The toxicity of nanoparticles
6 The application of nanoparticles in drug delivery
6.1 Polymer nanoparticles
6.2 Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
6.3 Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
6.4 Biomimetic nanoparticles of cell membrane
7 Conclusion