Superhydrophilic-superoleophobic oil/water separation membrane is a special membrane for water penetration and oil retention in separation process, which has advantage of antifouling by oil when dealing with off-shore oil spillages and oil-polluted water. This kind of membrane is very meaningful in practical application. In order to grasp recent development in superhydrophilic-superoleophobic oil/water separation membrane, firstly, the mechanism of oil/water separation is described based on the hydrostatic pressure and capillary force. Then, the preparation and properties research of superhydrophilic and superoleophobic metal-based membrane, stimulus-responsive polymeric membranes and substrate-free polymeric membrane for oil/water separation are comprehensively reviewed. Finally we summarize the current problems in the field of superhydrophilic-superoleophobic oil/water separation membrane and prospect the future development.