Given the environmental risk and valuable metal containing nature of spent lithium-ion batteries, it is of great significance to harmlessly dispose of spent lithium-ion batteries and recycle the valuable resources therein. At present, the spent lithium-ion batteries recycling technology is realized mainly through enhanced chemical conversion under high temperature or normal temperature conditions. High temperature boosts the chemical conversion rate of valuable elements in the spent lithium-ion battery, results in a short flow and releases material dependence. Therefore, high temperature chemical conversion is easy to implement in industry, and the related technologies have become one of the hotspots for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Based on the chemical conversion differences of various phases, this study systematically analyzes and evaluates the physicochemical mechanisms, technical characteristics, and research status of high temperature chemical reduction, roasting with molten salt, and direct regeneration. The advantages and problems of various technologies are compared. Based on this, it is advised that the future research needs in-depth study of its chemical conversion mechanism and takes into account the short flow clean regeneration of materials. It is necessary to develop a low energy-consuming and environmentally-friendly approach to enable the green treatment and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries based on the principle of green chemistry.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Pyrometallurgy recovery technology
2.1 High temperature reduction
2.2 Sulfation roasting
2.3 Direct regeneration
2.4 Discussion
3 Challenges and Prospects
4 Conclusion