Food safety has received great attention due to its close connectivity with people’s health and the harmonious development of national economy and society. Trace amount of toxic and harmful compounds in food and water are potentially harmful to human health. Excellent adsorbent and efficient extraction have received more and more attention in food safety detection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous functional materials with high porosity, large surface area, easy structural design, adjustable pore size, as well as acceptable chemical and thermal stability. In the past, the research on MOFs mainly focused on the structural design. Recently, more and more attention has been focused on applications of MOFs in food safety analysis. Meanwhile, their high porosity, tunable surface functionalities, various metal and ligands, as well as diverse coordination modes make MOFs promising as adsorption material for SPE. The merits of MOFs and their functional materials, in particular, are high enrichment, excellent matrix interference resistance, good selectivity, and environmentally-friendly development. Interesting research of MOFs and their functional materials in the pretreatment of food and water samples are summarized.