As China's aging population continues to increase, it is estimated that people with Parkinson's disease (PD) in China account for about half of PD cases in the world. Therefore, PD has become one of the fastest growing threats to public health in China. Currently, there is no cure for PD. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD remain elusive. Metal dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress are deemed as important risk factors for PD. Herein, recent advances in the neurotoxicity of key metals in PD are reviewed, and possible mechanisms underlying iron/copper-mediated neuron lesion are discussed. In addition, the application of synchrotron radiation in elemental analysis and mechanistic study of PD are briefly introduced. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives for bioinorganic chemistry in PD are discussed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The issues of bioinorganic chemistry in Parkinson's disease
2.1 Oxidative stress
2.2 Metal homeostasis
3 Iron in Parkinson's disease
3.1 Ferroptosis
3.2 Interaction between iron cations and proteins
3.3 Iron chelators
4 Copper in Parkinson's disease
4.1 Copper homeostasis
4.2 Interaction between cupric ions and α-synuclein
5 The application of synchrotron radiation-based elemental analysis to Parkinson's disease
6 Conclusion and outlook