Platinum-based chemotherapy, especially cisplatin, is the standard first-line treatment for various types of cancer. However, the clinical application and development of platinum drugs have been greatly hampered by their severe adverse effects and inescapable drug resistance. The use of nanodrug delivery technology can effectively achieve targeted and controlled drug delivery and release. Moreover, nanodrug delivery technology can increase the bioavailability of platinum agents, reduce system toxicity and overcome the drug resistance. Therefore, it shows great potential for the treatment of cancer. In addition, the versatile nanocarriers facilitate the co-delivery of multiple agents with different bioactive functions, thereby providing possibilities for the combination therapy or theranostics in a single platform. Hence, nanodrug delivery systems present broad prospects for the precise cancer treatment. This article reviews the recent progress in the applications of multifunctional platinum-based nanodrug delivery systems for cancer therapy, and it consists of four aspects:targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, combination therapy and theranostics. Meanwhile, the applications of new materials, new technologies and novel design ideas in platinum-based nanodrug delivery systems are also presented.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Targeted drug delivery
2.1 Passive targeting based on EPR effect
2.2 Active targeting
3 Controlled drug release
3.1 pH-sensitive systems
3.2 Reduction-sensitive systems
3.3 Thermo-sensitive systems
3.4 Enzyme-sensitive systems
4 Combination therapy
4.1 Co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents
4.2 Co-delivery of gene drugs and platinum agents
4.3 Co-delivery of phototherapy reagents and platinum agents
5 Theranostics
5.1 MRI-based theranostics
5.2 Optical imaging-based theranostics
5.3 Multimodal bioimaging-based theranostics
6 Conclusion and outlook