With the characteristics of superior thermal stability, lower glass transition temperature, insensitivity and better compatibility with binders, azido plasticizers have vast application prospect in the gun and rocket propellants requiring low vulnerability and low characteristic signal. From the aspects of synthesis, characterization, property and application, recent research progress on azido plasticizers is reviewed in this paper. Then, the existing problems in the research of azido plasticizers are sorted, and some potential development directions on the structure design, synthesis, preparation process, characterization and application are pointed out. This review is expected to benefit the researchers on the synthesis, composition application and property characterization of energetic materials.