Bioactive glass nanosphere(BGN) contains elements such as silicon, calcium and phosphorus. It has controlled morphology and particle size, ordered mesoporous structure, high specific surface area and porosity, and due to the good biocompatibility and osteogenic activity, BGN has been widely used in bone repair and dental treatment. BGN can also be doped with different metal ions to enhance osteogenic, vascular, etc., or to provide antibacterial or bioimaging capabilities. At the same time, spherical shape, ordered mesoporous structures, nanoscale size and high specific surface facilitate the entry of drugs/biological-factors into cells, which gives BGN potential for high loading capacity and targeted therapeutic capabilities. However, since it is difficult to prepare monodisperse BGN with nanoscale particle size, and the agglomeration problem is common in nanoscale particles, the impact on the body is not completely clear. Therefore, BGN cannot be used as a drug carrier in clinical, and related research still needs to be further studied. In this paper, the research and application status of BGN preparation, loading capacity, biocompatibility and biological activity in recent years are reviewed, and its development directions are prospected.