Functionalized porous materials(FPMs) as ideal materials for specific idenpngication and separation have attracted a great deal of attention due to their excellent controllability of preparation, great specific surface area and unique three-dimensional macrostructures with well-defined interconnected porous networks. In this paper, the preparation of FPMs and their applications in specific recognition and separation are reviewed and prospected systematically. Firstly, the basic theory of the preparation of FPMs and the concept of frontier design are expounded systematically. Then, through the in-depth analysis of the preparation principle and key factors during synthesis of FPMs, the mechanism and applications for FPMs in the fields of specific recognition, extraction natural functional ingredients, separation and removal pollutants and catalytic reaction are reviewed. The problems and development trends of FPMs in the fields of specific recognition, catalysis and separation are analyzed and forecasted.