As the secondary battery with the highest specific energy, lithium ion battery is widely used in portable electronic devices, new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage power stations. Currently, commercial lithium-ion batteries are facing some technical bottlenecks, such as low energy density and short service life. There are many reports about the anode materials of lithium ion batteries, but most of them cannot overcome the shortcomings such as the huge volume expansion before and after lithium, the pulverization of electrode materials, and the large electrode impedance. However, metal oxides derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) and composites are widely used in lithium ion batteries due to their low level charge-discharge potential platform, high capacity and stable cycle performance. Therefore, in this paper, metal oxides derived from MOFs and composites are divided into four modules: mono-metal oxides, bi-metal oxides, bi-component metal oxide composites and metal oxide/carbon composites. The relationships between their synthesis methods, morphologies and electrochemical properties are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges for their future development are forecast.