Electrospun 1D nanomaterials have the advantages of such as large specific surface area, high porosity, and superior electrochemical properties, which can significantly improve the sensitivity of gas sensors, making them the most widely used materials in the gas sensor field. In this review, the classification of gas sensor, the principle of electrospinning technology and the sensing mechanism of semiconductor metal oxide gas sensor is highlighted. And the research status of different sensing materials, including semiconductor metal oxide, doped semiconducting metal oxide, polymer-metal oxide, graphene-metal oxide composite material that are prepared by electrospinning and applied in gas sensors is reviewed in detail. Finally, the research prospect in this field is presented.