Pickering emulsion uses solid particles of colloidal size instead of traditional surfactants as stabilizer, which has the advantages like ultra-stability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and so on. Switchable Pickering emulsion is able to change the surface wettability of the solid emulsifier with changes of pH, CO₂/N₂ concentration, magnetic field, temperature or light intensity. The characteristics of fast conversion between “emulsification” and “demulsification” can meet the demand for transient stability of emulsion in heterogeneous catalysis, emulsion polymerization and so on, so it has a wide application prospect. This paper comprehensively summarizes the research and development of switchable Pickering emulsion in recent years and its application in interface catalytic system, treatment of organic wastewater by liquid membrane, encapsulation and release of drugs, etc.