For the demands of sustainable development and green chemistry, the use of heterogeneous catalysts instead of conventional homogeneous ones has received increasing attention. Among various heterogeneous catalysts, mesoporous solid bases are extremely desirable in green catalytic processes, due to their advantages of high specific surface, negligible corrosion, accelerated mass transport and easy separation. Great progress has been made in mesoporous solid bases in the last decade. In addition to their wide applications in the catalytic synthesis of organics and fine chemicals, mesoporous solid bases have also been used in the field of energy and environmental catalysis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress in the preparation and application of metal-based mesoporous solid bases(including MgO,hydrotalcite-like compounds, modified-Al₂O₃,modified-ZrO₂, and modified-CeO₂), which is basically grouped by the metal type and illustrated with typical examples. The advantage, disadvantages and mechanisms for four main synthesis methods, including soft-template method, hard-template method, solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA) synthesis and solvent-free synthesis are discussed and compared in detail. Moreover, their applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage and environment are briefly introduced as well. Finally, the existing problems of the preparing metal-based mesoporous oxides are briefly discussed, and the strategies are provided for the construction of novel metal-based mesoporous solid bases.